The Problem of Codes of Ethics

The relations between people within society are traditionally regulated by definite norms and principles which are often discussed as ethical canons or rules. From this point, ethical principles and rules are based on the concept of morality which is considered as the universal notion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Codes of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the development of all the persons’ interactions should depend on the principles of morality. Ethical norms exist within society without their fixing as laws, but they are realized with references to the moral development of this or that individual. People clearly understand what is morally good and what is bad. However, there are a lot of codes of ethics which are worked out for different professions. According to these codes, the ethical norms and principles are fixed and should be followed strictly. This fact provokes the discussion about the significance of the codes for professions and their difference from the traditional non-fixed ethical principles used in society. In his article â€Å"The Quest for a Code of Professional Ethics: An Intellectual and Moral Confusion†, John Ladd argues that ethical codes are absurd and unnecessary because ethical norms cannot be organized as it is given in codes. In this case, ethical norms acquire the features of laws, and this fact contradicts to the idea of ethical principles. Although the position of John Ladd is rather controversial and has some problematic issues to be discussed, the researcher’s vision is quite reliable and based on a lot of arguments. Thus, his critique has both strengths and weaknesses.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The representatives of different professions should communicate and cooperate with their colleagues and clients according to the definite code of ethics. Nevertheless, Ladd states that an organized professional ethics can be discussed as a kind of absurdity because of confusing the principles of ethics with corporate laws (Ladd). It is possible to agree with the author’s point of view that ethics is based on the principles of openness and reflectivity. Moreover, persons are autonomous that is why their moral behavior can depend only on the personal visions of moral or immoral actions and behaviors (Ladd). Thus, the attempts to determine the ethical norms as rules which are necessary to follow according to the standards of the profession or organizations’ activity can be discussed as opposite to the fundaments of ethics. From this point, it is important to distinguish between the code of ethics and the code of conduct. If the code of ethics includes those principles which can be considered as the code of conduct in the context of the definite profession, the notion of the code of ethics becomes meaningless. Therefore, Ladd’s opinion on the fact that the code of ethics begins to be developed as the disciplinary code is credible. The author logically develops his argument and continues the discussion of the controversial points of the question with accentuating the idea that ethics is the same for everyone.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Codes of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That is why it is impossible to speak about the specific ethical norms for different professions (Ladd). According to Ladd, ethical issues can also be presented as the objects of macro-ethics and micro-ethics. When the representatives of one profession are discussed as the social group their ethical or non-ethical behavior can influence as the whole society as individuals within it, and it is a problem of macro-ethics. The aspects of this field are more controversial in comparison wit h the aspects of micro-ethics which is associated with personal relations (Ladd). However, Ladd does not pay much attention to this or that category, and it is possible to disagree with his position depending on Luegenbiehl’s point of view that â€Å"the adoption of a code is significant for the professionalization of an occupational group, because it is one of the external hallmarks testifying to the claim that the group recognizes an obligation to society that transcends mere economic self-interest† (Luegenbiehl 138). John Ladd develops his argument with emphasizing the idea that ethical norms and rules cannot be imposed authoritatively because their realization is connected with definite procedures and laws which are worked out as a result of decision making process, and this fact contradicts to the principles of ethics in its association with morality. Ladd’s approach can be discussed as argumentative, but quite logical. The main concepts which are presented in codes of ethics for different professions reflect the universally adopted visions of the ethical behavior that is why the representatives of definite professions behave according to the general ethical norms which are expanded in the context of this or that profession. In this case, the code of ethics is the collection of well-known ethical principles and rules according to which people regulate their behavior every day. Thus, is it necessary to develop different codes of ethics for a lot of professions, if their basics are the same and depend on accepted visions of ethical and non-ethical behavior?Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More John Ladd states that the development of codes of ethics is the meaningless process because of its uselessness (Ladd). However, people can disagree with the author’s opinion with references to the groups of representatives of professions as collectives and their definite obligations according to the peculiarities of their activities. Nevertheless, these peculiarities can be described in the codes of conduct without discussing them as the codes of ethics. According to Ladd, the development of codes of ethics has definite objectives, and it is possible to determine benefits and negative aspects of this process (Ladd). Such an approach to the discussion of the problem provides the readers of the article with the opportunity to agree on many ideas presented by the author. It is rather difficult to indicate the specific objectives of using the codes of ethics which could refer to definite professions. Thus, the norms which are provided in the codes of ethics can be analyzed as the significant rules of the ethical behavior for the specialists. Ladd states that such rules can inspire the professionals and remind them about the necessity to act ethically, especially in those situations which are listed in the code (Ladd). Nevertheless, this statement can be discussed as contradictory to the point that it is meaningless to organize specific codes of ethics. Thus, there are a lot of persons which can behave and act unethically and without any reference to the principles of morality. From this point, the code of ethics is not only the collection of the rules, but the factor of limiting the possibilities for the professional’s unethical behavior in relation to colleagues, clients, or any group of people within the society. However, it is only one side of the problem. Codes of ethics cannot include all the controversial aspects which are important for professionals to avoid or follow. They can only be used as the collection of the useful points. Moreover, it is interesting to refer to Luegenbiehl’s opinion that moral conflicts should be solved effectively, but codes of ethics do not provide employees and managers with the necessary base for overcoming conflicts and ethically problematic situations (Luegenbiehl). When these codes can be used for resolving conflicts, they are relevant to the disciplinary codes in which the professionals’ possible risks and responsibilities are given. Discussing the code of ethics for the definite professions as the way to regulate the relations between the employers, employees, and clients, it is possible to speak about the domination of the micro-ethical problems (Ladd). However, this approach also accentuates the facts that there are no extremely significant differences between the ethical norms and principles for different professions because they are based on the single vision of morality as the category, and the confusion between the code of ethics and the code of conduct leads to the w rong usage of the notion of the code of ethics. Moral norms and rules cannot be imposed on people authoritatively as the part of the certain procedure because it is a human right to choose or not to act according to the canons of morality. To support this idea, Ladd proposes the notions of suppression and tyranny in order to emphasize the difference between the code of conduct and ethical norms which should be followed without any pressure. Ladd concludes that it is impossible to codify ethics as the special collection of norms for this or that profession because of the impossibility to use the fixed norms in relation to the phenomenon of morality (Ladd). However, in spite of the position of such researchers as Ladd and Luegenbiehl according to the necessity of working out the codes of ethics for different professions, these codes are still developed and actively used. What is their role in regulating the relations within organizations? It is possible to speak about the defense of t he interests of the representatives of certain professions and about the increase of the status of these professions. People are inclined to trust those persons who act in relation to some limits and regulations even in connection with the questions of morality. From this point, the code of ethics can be discussed as a kind of guarantee for people to get the qualified service or cooperate effectively. Nevertheless, the real situations provide the evidences for supporting the idea that codes of ethics are ineffective for resolving conflicts which are based on the misunderstandings associated with moral issues. Having analyzed John Ladd’s vision of the problem of codes of ethics presented in his work â€Å"The Quest for a Code of Professional Ethics: An Intellectual and Moral Confusion†, it is necessary to conclude that the notions of the code of ethics and the code of conduct should not be confused. Thus, codes of ethics are ineffective for overcoming the conflicts betw een professionals which are based on ethical or moral issues. However, well-developed codes of conduct can be used as the effective means to resolve the conflicts and regulate the problematic situations because these norms can be imposed authoritatively, and employers and managers can require their absolute following when principles of ethics depend on the person’s free choice. Works Cited Ladd, John. â€Å"The Quest for a Code of Professional Ethics: An Intellectual and Moral Confusion†. Ethical Issues in Engineering. Ed. Deborah G. Johnson. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1991. 130-136. Print. Luegenbiehl, Heinz C. â€Å"Codes of Ethics and the Moral Education of Engineers†. Ethical Issues in Engineering. Ed. Deborah G. Johnson. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1991. 137-154. Print. This essay on The Problem of Codes of Ethics was written and submitted by user Liliana N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Find a Career That Will Give You a Sense of Purpose

How to Find a Career That Will Give You a Sense of Purpose Most people would agree that having a sense of purpose in a job makes them feel more productive and happier because then a job seem less like work. In addition, helping others seems to be more important than the money earned in a job. That produces motivation and a willingness to put in extra effort. Taking a look at what jobs have the highest and lowest satisfaction rates according to surveys is an interesting way to assess what job may be right for you. PhysiciansPhysicians in the health care field showed the highest satisfaction rate in their jobs with a score of 95.5 percent. Neurosurgeons, along with cardiothoracic surgeons, OB/GYNs and anesthesiologists were at the top of the job satisfaction list. Not only do these health care jobs offer high pay, they also offer the bonus of a contribution to society by treating the sick and saving lives.Self-Employed Business OwnersThis group encompasses entrepreneurs, business owners and contractors. With a job satisfaction rating of 93.3 p ercent, the people in this group had the highest rating for work environment, including a feeling of openness and a sense of trust. The accomplishment attained in these types of jobs is an important aspect of achieving satisfaction.TeachersTeachers, including teaching assistants and teachers of special education, came next at 91.1 percent. Almost 70 percent said they were thriving, and the teachers reported that they had been happy within the past 24 hours, by laughing, smiling or having experienced joy in their lives.Jobs Requiring Professional TrainingComputer programmers, architects and other professions that require professional training reported a 90.4 percent satisfaction with their jobs. Because of their training, they were placed in jobs with responsibility and the ability to see the outcome of their efforts.Managerial JobsThose in managerial jobs scored their work environments high and reported their satisfaction level as 90.3. Well over half of those surveyed said their su perior in the company treated them like an equal, which was a higher rating than all the other professions that were surveyed.Jobs With the Lowest SatisfactionThose who work in jobs where morale tends to be lowest are also the most dissatisfied with their jobs. Workers in fast food restaurants show the least amount of satisfaction in a job, according to PayScale, with 25 percent saying that their jobs make the world more unpleasant. Coming in second were pickers at 21 percent. These workers spend their days working in warehouses to ensure that purchasers receive their packages. The monotony of the job, combined with staying in a warehouse all day may contribute to their dissatisfaction. Floor supervisors for table games at casinos also said their jobs made the world more unpleasant. Although this type of job is fairly high paying, watching people lose money at the game tables every day must be difficult for some.Finding a Satisfying JobSatisfaction in your job and feeling that you a re making a contribution makes it more likely that you will be happy with a position, no matter what it is. Some people are motivated by pursuing a career with an eye toward advancement, while others believe that passion for what they are doing make a difference. Having a good attitude, challenges in your work that encourage you to improve, variety in the tasks you are expected to do and a feeling of accomplishment at the end of the day contributes to your sense of satisfaction in a job.TheJobNetwork helps you job hunt by noting your skills and interests to send you job alerts when positions of this type become available. After you sign up for job match alert, all you have to do is fill out your qualifications and what types of jobs you are seeking. If you prefer, you can use the job site to search yourself, saving yourself the time from looking at multiple sites to find that great job.

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing - Assignment Example This brand is promoted by a concept in marketing called branding. Branding affects the company’s relations with the customers and suppliers because it also deals with the experiences of the customers of the business you engaged into competitors (www.businesslink.gov.uk, Branding: the Basics). THE EVALUATION AND RANKING We have learned in class that it is very important to assess and evaluate the brands to make sure that the company has been effective and successful in promoting their products and services and highlighting the strengths of these products and services. A methodology is used by Interbrand to evaluate brands on the basis of how much they are likely to earn in the future considering the anticipated income. This method uses forecasting of the company’s future in market leadership, stability and the ability of the company and the brand to reach other countries. There are four steps in ranking a brand. The first step is to figure out what percentage of a compan y’s revenues can be acclaimed to brand. The next step is to project a certain number of years of earnings and sales for the brand. The third step is to subtract the expenses or costs such as taxes and cost for operation in the projected earnings to get the net earnings. The last step is to get other earnings to make sure that the earnings credited to the brand will be determined.

Strengths and weaknesses on the research on managerial work Coursework

Strengths and weaknesses on the research on managerial work - Coursework Example Division of work: It helps to determine different works to different employees of the company. With these divisions works are performed effectively and efficiently under supervision of managers. Clear work division helps to make effective strategies for growth of the company. Responsibility division: Managerial work involves in dividing responsibility among its employees analyzing their skills and potentialities. It strengthens different work process of an organization by giving appropriate responsibilities to capable employees. It helps to make good managerial work process (Mintzberg, 1975).   Discipline: Strengths of a company is also dependent on maintaining its discipline. Strong management system helps to make and implement different disciplinary rules within an organization. It influences the work process and function for achieving and fulfilling its goals and objectives. Unity of direction: Managers are responsible for implementing and developing unity in organizational work process. The strength of this managerial work is it shows proper direction to the employees for working together to fulfil same business objectives. It helps to develop sense of unity among the employees.Centralization: Managerial work involves in conducting different functions in making centralization in business process. It helps the organization to implement various plans and policies to develop a smooth work process in its centralized business. Order: Managers gives orders their subordinates for performing different work activities.

The virulence factors of staphylococcus aureus

The virulence factors of staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus is faculatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive, gram-positive cocci. It is non sporulating, non motile and non capsulated bacteria. 30% of Staphylococcus aureus can be found in skin, mucous of membrane and nasal passages in a healthy person as normal flora. However, Staphylococcus aureus infections are capable of leading to meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyetilis, spectic arthritis and septicemia. It is also difficult to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections if it is a methicillin resistant strain as the only antibiotic, vancomycin, is able to inhibit methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Virulence Factors Virulence factors from Staphylococcus aureus can be structural or secreted products that lead to pathogenesis. They are classified into catogeries such as surface proteins, secreting toxins and superantigen toxin. Surface proteins in Staphylococcus aureus provide attachments to host tissues which will colonize and lead to infections. Such proteins are protein A/B which binds to immunoglobulin G, clumping factor A and B to help adherence to bacterial cells. [Plata, Rosato et al. 2009] Alpha-heamolysin, beta-heamolysin, gamma-heamolysin and Panton Valentine Leucocidine (PVL) are examples of secreting toxins which form pores in the host membrane and lyses the cells while staphylococcus enterotoxins weaken the host immune system and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 causes toxic shock by food poisoning. These virulence factors that are produced [Plata, Rosato et al. 2009] by Staphylococcus aureus and often cause life-threatening diseases. These factors overcome and disguise themselves from th e body immune system so that Staphylococcus aureus can colonize and bind to connective tissues which lead to infections. They are also responsible for the symptoms of the disease. The main diagnostic features can be detected by having coagulase agglutination tests and test for the production of thermostable nuclease which break down DNA. [Greenwood, Slack et al. 2007] Exotoxins (TSST1-toxic shock syndrome toxin 1) TSST1 are one of the virulence factors that cause a variety of diseases in humans. TSST1 has short N-terminal ÃŽ ± helix which lead to ÃŽ ² barrel structure also known as B domain or oligosaccharide binding. It is then connected to C-terminal wall of the ÃŽ ² strands (Domain A). This structure cause cysteine loop which result in emetic activity. If there is no loop, TSST1 will be superantigenic [Orwin, Fitzgerald et al. May 2003]. As Staphylococcus aureus invade the body, TSST1 is produced in the bacteria and release to host. It then inhibits host immune responses. It crosses mucosal surfaces and reactivates bacterial cell wall induced arthritis. [Diages, Orwin et al. Jan 2000] TSST1 also stimulate proliferation of T cells. These T cells will not only increase its concentration in the body, but they are also unable to recognize specific antigen in the bacterial cells. Subsequently, T cells cannot eradicate Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, TSST1 is also known as superantigenicity, py rogenicity and boost the lethality of the toxins. Acquired heart disease in children is often associated with TSST1. Also, TSST1 is linked to women who use tampons regularly as it increases the exposure to Staphylococcus aureus infections. TSST1 helps to release massive amount of cytokines which results in fever, rash, low blood pressure, tissue damage and shock. [Dermnet.org] Exotoxins (Panton Valentine Leucocidin-PVL) Panton Valentine Leucidin (PVL) is usually found in community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Tristan (2007) stated that it is categorized as bicomponent synergohymenotropic toxin which lyses host cell membrance and it targets on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes and macrophages. Plasma membrane of myeloid cells form octamer pores and target leukocytes by Panton Valentine Leucidin [Kobayashi and Deleo 2009]. Inflammatory mediators such as leukotriene B4, IL-8 and histamine are released to the cell surrounding as PVL activates Ca2+ channels to open leading to calcium influx in PMN, monocytes and macrophages. As long as Ca2+ channels are opened and inflammatory mediators concentration is greatly rising, it is a fatal outcome. Thus, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages lyses as pores form in their cell membranes and this usually results in toxic shock or refractory hypoxemia. Panton Valentine Leucidin plays a major role in severe necrotizing fasciitis, pne umonia, leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis. [Libert, Batjom et al. Jan 2009] Staphylococcus enterotoxins-SE Staphylococcus enterotoxins are the common cause of food poisoning. As individual digests a large amount of Staphylococcus aureusthrough contaminated water or food, enterotoxins are produced. It has a major cross linking with major histocompability complex (MHC) class II antigen and T cell receptor (TCR) [Fraser and Proft 2008]. T cell receptor will recruit neutrophils and release a wide variety of inflammation mediators to the stomach and small intestine. Accumulation of inflammation mediators results in hyperemic mucosa and crypt extension develops in jejunum. The disruption of the lining of the small intestine influences the rate of absorption of substances. Thus, gastroenteritis forms and will bring about the systemic symptoms such as fever and hypotension.[ Diages, Orwin et al. Jan 2000]. Vomiting and diarrhea is also a common symptom in SE food poisoning. Food poisoning by Staphylococcus aureusis less severe than other infections by the same species. It is often self limiting a s well. [Diages, Orwin et al. Jan 2000] Protein A Protein A is characterized as a cell wall associated monomeric protein. [Gomez, Lee et al. 2004]. It has role in causing pneumonia by targeting polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell migration in the airway passages. Protein A binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and causes opsonization. [Greenwood, Slack et al. 2007]. It also phosphorylates mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as pro-inflammatory signaling. IL-8 is made and secreted out from epithelial cells. In addition, protein A also mimics TNF-ÃŽ ± (tumour necrosis factor ÃŽ ±) that will bind to TNFR1, which is distributed at airways (tumour necrosis factor receptor 1). This will recruit TRADD (TNFR1 associated death domain protein) and TRAF2 (TNF receptor associated factor 2). Both will be activated, protein A and TRAF2 with RIP1 will coimmunoprecipitate in the airways [Gomez, Lee et al. 2004]. Furthermore, protein A inhibits phagocytic engulfment. In the same paper, Gomez also stated that if Staphylococcus aureusis lacking in protein A or TNFR1, bacterial virulence will be lower and accumulation of PMN in the lung will be decrease as well. It is harmless to activate PMN as it is to protect the lung, however, when there is an increase in protein A binding to PMN, PMN is activated and enhancing the inflammatory mediators to be released in the airways. Therefore, an increase in protein A will generate a greater inflammatory response and subsequently pneumonia develops. Staphylokinase (SAK) Staphylokinase is an enzyme that produces by Staphylococcus aureus. When staphylokinase is released from Staphylococcus aureus and targeted to neutrophils, ÃŽ ±-defensins is produced and followed by neutralization of short peptides by Staphylococcus aureus. This results in inhibition of bactericidal effects of defensins by the activation of plasminogen and staphylokinase increases bacterial infection process. [Bergmann and Hammerschmidt 2007] Plasminogen is tightly regulated and it is a part of fibrinolysis mechanism which coagulates fibrin when a blood vessel is injured. Staphylococcus aureus changes plasminogen to fibrin with the help of fibrin as co-factor. Staphylokinase is encoded by the Sak gene and regulated by the agr gene. Its structure has a central ÃŽ ±-helix and 5 ÃŽ ² sheet strands. [Bokarewa, Jin et al. 2006]. Once neutophils is bound to the central ÃŽ ±-helix, it induces conformational changes. Consequently, plasminogen is converted to plasmin. Fibrin clots is then bro ken down by plasmin and kept the infection localized. Staphylokinase-plasminogen complexes also help Staphylococcus aureus to enter the host tissues. Furthermore, Maria stated that if 2 staphylokinase form a dimer due to the central ÃŽ ±-helical, it will reduce antigenicity. Several binding sites to neutrophils can be found in staphylokinase. This will induced in releasing of ÃŽ ±-defensins and affect the bactericidal properties as peptides are being neutralized. Staphylococcus aureusis then resistant to phagocytosis by neutrophils. [Bokarewa, Jin et al. 2006]. Staphylokinase infections are usually found in sepsis, immunocompromised and elderly patients as they are more prone to Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics are the usual therapy of these infections. Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureusare the main components that causing life threatening diseases. It is mostly the mediators released by the immune system gives the symptoms for the diseases. If there are any mutations in these virulence factors, it will be less virulent to the bacteria and the symptoms of disease will lessen as these virulence factors will not target neutrophils, macrophages and other immune system components. Therefore, inflammation mediators are not released in a great amount at once.

Porter’s five forces Essay

Michael E Porter developed the Porter’s five forces analysis in 1979 which serves as a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development. Its five forces determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. Three of Porter’s five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainder are internal threats. It is useful to use Porter’s five forces in conjunction with SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). Porter referred to these forces as the micro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. The stronger the forces, the less profit they will make and vice-versa. A change in any of the forces normally, requires a business unit to re-assess the marketplace given the overall change in industry information. The overall industry attractiveness does not imply that every firm in the industry will return the same profitability. Porter’s five forces include – three forces from ‘horizontal’ competition: threat of substitute products, the threat of established rivals, and the threat of new entrants; and two forces from ‘vertical’ competition: the bargaining power of suppliers and the bargaining power of customers. The threat of the entry of new competitors The treat of new entrants depend on the ease with which they can enter the market. Markets with high profits will attracts new firms. The major barriers are: * Need for economies of scale * High entry costs * Lack of distribution channels * Government policies such as selective subsidies * Cost advantages of existing firms such as access to raw materials, know how * Strong product- loyal customers The intensity of competitive rivalry Strong rivalry will reduce profits. This occurs when: * Many firms, none dominant * Slow market growth * Fixed costs are high * High exit costs * Similar products In high competitive markets, threat of new entrants is high.

Organizational Strategies for Quality Assessment and Improvement Essay

Ambiguous medical notations are one of the most common and preventable causes of medication errors (Grissinger & Kelly, 2005). Drug names, dosage units, and directions for use should be written clearly to minimize confusion. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and the Food and Drug Administration recommend that error-prone abbreviations are considered whenever medical information is communicated (Institute for Medical Safety, 2012). Medication errors result in thousand of adverse drug events, deaths, and preventable reactions every year (Grissinger & Kelly, 2005). Healthcare personnel, IMSP, the pharmaceutical industry, and The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are some of the groups responsible for determining how these medication errors occur and designing strategies to reduce these errors (Institute for Medical Safety, 2012). ISMP is a nonprofit organization made up of nurses, pharmacist, and physicians. IMSP was founded in 1944 and are dedicated in educating and increasing awareness of medication error prevention and safety measures (About ISMP, 2012). They base their non-punitive initiatives on five key areas: analysis, communication, cooperation, education, and knowledge (About ISMP, 2012). The IMSP get their data by healthcare professionals reporting so that they can assist in learning and understanding the causes of the error and everything is confidential (About ISMP, 2012) IMSP Objectives The objective of the ISMP is to help the healthcare providers clarify any order that is not clearly legible or obvious especially with error-prone abbreviations, dose designations, and making sure that orders with abbreviations are clarified and written out completely, and verbal orders are read back, repeated if misunderstood, and spelled out (About ISMP, 2012). Also to hold webinar educational programs and medication safety issues. They offer tool kits for healthcare facilities to get the word out like posters, videos, patient brochures, books, and other drug safety tools. IMSP will conduct risk assessments on-site risk of medication safety in healthcare facilities and respond to sentinel events (About ISMP, 2012). IMSP Propose Strategies or Recommendations Suggest for the Acute Care Setting Here are some strategies that healthcare facilities can employ to  help eliminate the use of dangerous abbreviations. One is encouraging all healthcare professionals to avoid using medication error-prone abbreviations in all electronic and written communication (National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA), 2010). Another is identifying and promoting Physician Champions who will not only support accreditation-related activities but also advocate for full compliance. Healthcare facilities can assist in providing educational seminars and webinars to update all healthcare professionals and staff at the beginning of their employment period. Another way is for healthcare management and safety personnel to use advertised posters, create laminated cards with error-prone medication abbreviations, and dosage classifications throughout the acute care facility. The healthcare professionals should have these items at their disposal and distributed out at the beginning of employment (National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA), 2010). Lastly, making sure that the healthcare personnel avoids the use of medication abbreviations on CPOEs, labels generated from the system and bins, drug storage, and shelves. All the while making sure that the facility and personnel are adhering to guidelines, charts, and protocols (National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA), 2010). Reference â€Å"About ISMP.† (2012). Institute for Safe Medication Practices. Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/about/default.asp Grissinger, M., & Kelly, K. (2005). Reducing the risk of medication errors in women. Journal Of Women’s Health (15409996), 14(1), 61-67. doi:10.1089/jwh.2005.14.61 Institute for Medical Safety. (2012). Acute Care. â€Å"Medical Safety Alert!†. Retrieved from www.imsp.com National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA). (2010) Rapid response report NPSA/2010/RRR009: reducing harm from omitted and delayed medicines in hospital. Retrieved from www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/type/alerts/?entryid45=66720