Disney Imagineers :: essays research papers fc

Broad topic Disney ImagineersNarrow topic The Inventions of the Disney ImagineersGeneral intention to inform Specific purpose By the end of the speech, the audience should know who the Disney Imagineers are and triplet different inventions they have created.Thesis The Disney Imagineers have invented many things that have changed technology today.I. IntroductionA. Imagineer is a term that is not found in the dictionary. It combines the words imagination and engineering. It is the act of learning and succeeding by dreaming and doing.B. The first Imagineers were hand selected by Walt Disney to help design Disneyland and create the other theme parks all over the world. Since because, they have expanded and invented many new products.C. I am merely 20 years old, and yet, I have been to Disney World 21 times and have witnessed the work of the Disney Imagineers first hand on various occasions.D. The Disney Imagineers have invented many products that have changed technology today such as specialty hair dryers and robotic human torsos and everything in between.E. I will be touching on three of their inventions animatronics, fluid projection screen and synchronized parade routes.F. Transition One of the first great inventions by the Disney Imagineers were animatronics.II. AnimatronicsA. Disney desired to give life-like movement to 3-D figures.B. They use cams and levers to move the figuresC. The cams and levers were not working so well, so they combined this idea with an electric-hydraulic-pneumatic approach.D. They also used magnetic recording tape and solenoid coils that would trigger one other to produce action.E. First audio-animatronics were used in Disneyland.1.The Enchanted Tiki Room opened on June 23, 1963.2.It had a cast of 225 birds, flowers, masks, drummers, and tiki poles.3.The birds would click their beaks, swivel around on their perches, and gibber and talk to one another.F. Transition Another invention that was created by the Disney Imagineers was th e fluid projection screen.III. Fluid Projection Screen A.It is a fluid screen that is generated by pumping pee through a screen nozzle and having an axial flow director and a nozzle insert on it.B.It creates a screen of water that can be projected upon.C.If the water is not at the right pressure and the flow is not correct, the screen may have holes in it and then the projection will not be seen on it.D.The fluid projection screen was first used at Disneys MGM Studios Fantasmic and The Adventures of the particular Mermaid.

Character Identification: Hiding from a poisoned memory (Circle) :: miscellaneous

Character acknowledgement Hiding from a poisoned memory (Circle)Characters from different sources of literature can often be colligate to amounther and search to have the same feelings, background, moral standing, or struggles. They may experience the same hardships, driving them to suffering, which other characters in literature encounter. In the daybook Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee, the important character was told from the age of seven the hardships she would encounter in her lifetime (Mukherjee 3). Pecola, from The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, experiences rape by her father and the miscarriage of their child. The of import character in Barn Burning, by William Faulkner, deals with a father that ruins his life and the struggle to stop his father from longing buildings. These character experience hardships through pop out their persists. They live with the rejection their lives have disposed them and try to survive in the world of injustice by themselves.Each story starts with the characters family and group identity. Jasmine lives in India with her parents at the beginning of her life. She subsequent moves to the United States to escape hardships. Sarty from Barn Burning lives with his poor and rejected family moving from crop to countersink. His family has been rejected by society because his father would non stop burning buildings when he got mad at the people he worked for. Pecola lived with her poor family as well. Her mother was gone most of the time and her father would get drunk nigh every night before coming home. She was moved out of her house for a little while until her family could pull themselves together and render a fitted place from her to live in. In each piece of literature, the character starts with family, a place to call home, people who accept them, and a place of the same passage and nationality.As the stories progress, each character experiences their own desire for better they have found something that will better th eir lives. As they struggle to put one over their prize, hardships string into place to hinder their path. Jasmine must overcome the death of her husband to get to America. She must also find her way illegally into the country and hang somewhere suitable. When a man helps her into the country, she is very grateful, but the man rapes her. She kills the man, the human form beneath it grew smaller and smaller (Mukherjee 119), and escapes to finish the job she had set out for.Character Identification Hiding from a poisoned memory (Circle) miscellaneousCharacter Identification Hiding from a poisoned memory (Circle)Characters from different sources of literature can often be linked together and seem to have the same feelings, background, moral standing, or struggles. They may experience the same hardships, driving them to suffering, which other characters in literature encounter. In the book Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee, the main character was told from the age of seven the hardship s she would encounter in her lifetime (Mukherjee 3). Pecola, from The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, experiences rape by her father and the miscarriage of their child. The main character in Barn Burning, by William Faulkner, deals with a father that ruins his life and the struggle to stop his father from burning buildings. These character experience hardships throughout their lives. They live with the rejection their lives have given them and try to survive in the world of injustice by themselves.Each story starts with the characters family and group identity. Jasmine lives in India with her parents at the beginning of her life. She later moves to the United States to escape hardships. Sarty from Barn Burning lives with his poor and rejected family moving from place to place. His family has been rejected by society because his father would not stop burning buildings when he got mad at the people he worked for. Pecola lived with her poor family as well. Her mother was gone most of the time and her father would get drunk almost every night before coming home. She was moved out of her house for a little while until her family could pull themselves together and provide a suitable place from her to live in. In each piece of literature, the character starts with family, a place to call home, people who accept them, and a place of the same race and nationality.As the stories progress, each character experiences their own desire for better they have found something that will better their lives. As they struggle to gain their prize, hardships string into place to hinder their path. Jasmine must overcome the death of her husband to get to America. She must also find her way illegally into the country and settle somewhere suitable. When a man helps her into the country, she is very grateful, but the man rapes her. She kills the man, the human form beneath it grew smaller and smaller (Mukherjee 119), and escapes to finish the job she had set out for.

Oramed Pharmaceutical Inc. Technology and Politics Essay -- Business A

Oramed Pharmaceutical Inc. TechnologyOramed is a contemporary pharmaceutical comp whatsoever that is mainly concentrate into developing new head medicinal diabetic do drugss that have not been in existence before. Similar to other pharmaceutical companies, technology is a key factor in the advantage such companies. In an exclusive interview on www.wallst.net with Nadav Kidron, Orameds CEO, he was quoted describing Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. as an Israeli company focused on the development of oral rake solutions based on proprietary technology (PR Newswire Association LLC, 2007). Kidrons comment demonstrates the value of technology to Oramed causing the company to patent its technology and fruit. Lately Oramed focused on the development of a new diabetic drug called ORMD0801. This product, in a form of a gel capsule, can be consumed orally. ORMD0801 in turn, plays a role in eliminating the fill for insulin delivery by the means of self-injecting and constant painful testing of i nsulin blood levels. In order to accomplish this function, Oramed will need sophisticated technology and certainly top-notch high-tech equipment. Therefore, Oramed has to in an ongoing basis to secure in-licensing and other means of obtaining additional technologies to complement and/or expand its product portfolio (The New York Times, 2012).Orameds emerging ORMD0801 delivery is a technology in its-self. It advances the ability of the body to absorb peptides and proteins through the intestinal track wall without creating any changes to the active ingredients of the drug (Oramed, 2009). This was possible by introducing a substitute drug delivery system (Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc., 2010). This delivery system will successfully deliver the drug to ... ...012/03/20/idUS125396+20-Mar-2012+BW20120320 PR Newswire Association LLC. (2007). Exclusive Interview With Oramed Pharmaceuticals Inc. CEO, Nadav Kidron on www.Wallst.Net. PR Newswire. ProQuest Newsstand. http//proquest.umi.com/pqd link?vinst=PROD&fmt=3&startpage=-1&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1256371181&scaling=FULL&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1333335886&clientId=20655PR Newswire Association LLC. (2009). Frost and Sullivan Honors Oramed Pharmaceuticals With the 2009 European Oral Drug Delivery Technology Innovation Award. PR Newswire. http//proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/pqdlink?vinst=PROD&fmt=3&startpage=1&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1844533951&scaling=FULL&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1333049930&clientId=20655The New York Times. (2012). Business Day. Retrieved from NY Times.com http//topics.nytimes.com/top/ discussion/business/companies/oramed-pharmaceuticals-inc/index.html

The Plight of our Planet Essay -- Energy Sustainability

The young boy looks back from the loading ramp of the giant metal alloy ship, his breath soar upwards clouds of steam in the bitter air made cold by the now almost completely diminished ozone. He stares in disbelief at the endless pile of automobiles parked haphazardly to and fro like a childs worn jenga blocks fallen from a poorly made tower in the vehicles owners frantic rush to get their families to the evacuation ships in time. How did it come to this? The forlorn boy wonders. When did it all go wrong in humankinds endless quest to be bigger, faster, and more powerful than all the rest? As the nearly city-sized ship reaches the smoky horizon bound for humanitys new home named Kepler-22b, he gazes one last time at the vast oceans, blazing a filthy orange fire as far as the eye could see from the final disaster that had sealed humanitys fate on earth. If only they had stopped drilling in the oceansthe boy thinks. And as the distance grows and the bright fires fade, he tearfully waves goodbye to the now dying planet his race had called home for a millennia and slowly turns to go find his parents.Who is this distraught boys parents? Is it you? Or perhaps it is your childrens children that are living through this arguably inevitable reality. While the scenario presented is sensationally far-fetched, it is solely possible. Perhaps not a mass exodus to a new found planet capable of sustaining life, and even if we were lucky enough to find much(prenominal) a planet it would likely not be accessible, nor needed in this generations lifetime. But the simple truth remains that earths sustainability is quickly diminish due to a plethora of causes. Some of which are our societies numerous recent technological advances in the last century,... ... leaders of tomorrow.ReferencesCarbone, N. (2011, December 5). NASA finds planet in habitable Zone that could sustain life. Time Newsfeed. Retrieved from http//newsfeed.time.com/2011/12/05/nasa-finds-planet-in-habitable-zo ne-that-could-sustain-life/ Fornos, Werner. No vacancy. The Humanist July-Aug. 1998 15+. Academic OneFile. Web. 12 May 2012.Global Energy Use Status and Trends. (2004). In Encyclopedia of Energy Retrieved from http//www.credoreference.com/entry/estenergy/global_energy_use_status_and_trendsStoll, R. (2012). Green energy looks to hydrogen fuel. Retrieved from http//www.2facts.com/article/s2000033 Williams, C. (2011, July 28). Off-the-grid communities 5 places carving a sustainable path. Retrieved from http//www.mnn.com/lifestyle/responsible-living/stories/off-the-grid-communities-5-places-carving-a-sustainable-path

Great Rock Musicians: Their Achievements And Effect On Rock And Roll Es

Great Rock Musicians Their Achievements and Effect on Rock and Roll     The blues are undeniably the roots of early rock and roll and roll. Rock directlyhas mutated so much that the basic blues practice sessions have been all but lost.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the birth of, and evolution of rockand roll by focusing on three of the arguably greatest rock musicians of thesixties and seventies.     The origin of the blues can be traced to the emancipation of the slavesin the unpolished ignominious areas of the south, where most of the people worked on share-cropping farms. Musically the blues are defined as a 12-bar chord progression,harmonized with the corresponding scales and patterns. The chord progressionpattern is four measures of tonic chords viewed by two measures of sub- surmount chords, two more measures of tonic chords, one measure of dominatechords, one measure of sub dominate chords, and finally two measures of tonicchords.Blues performers would travel around the south singing about their loss oflove and family, and the pains they were forced to endure. The music became usual because nearly every one who heard it could identify with its message.This type of Blues later became known as country blues because it was rooted inrural areas. The Blues became more main stream and popular in the 1920sbecause of the recording industry coming into existence. More instruments wereadded much(prenominal) as pianos, organs, and wind instruments.Big raft and Rhythm and Blues stemmed from City Blues.Rock and Roll then stemmed from Rhythm and Blues, in fact, many of thefirst recorded "Rock" songs where precisely white musicians re-recording Rhythmand Blues songs originally written by black artists.It took Bob Dylan 23 years to realize that he wanted to become a rockmusician. Bob Dylan, whose birth name was Robert Allen Zimmerman, had arelatively uneventful childhood in a Minnesota mining town. He adopted hisnom de guerre when he went to the University of Minnesota. "Dylan" came from theWelsh poet Dylan Thomas, with whom Zimmerman was frequently compared in theUniversity folk circles. After leaving the University, Dylan moved to NewYorks Greenwich Village to follow his folk hero, Woodie Gunthrie. In fact, hismain aim of moving to the Village was simply to meet his hero. He not only metthe fo... ... Lady Land, which containedhis most successful single Dylans "All along the Watchtower". Hendrixs mostmemorable performance was in 1969, at Woodstock, where he played his immortal"Star-spangled Banner", however it is still unclear if he played the song insuch an unpatriotic, angry style in protest of the war, or from the pressurefrom black militant groups. In 1970 Hendrix died from inhaling his own vomitafter an intoxication of barbiturates. The debate has never been put to restover whether it was suicide or carelessness. "Jimi Henrix was and original, and,unlike most great rock musicians suffered no imitators" (Rock Giants).     Rock and roll has become one of Americas greatest musical culturecontributions. Indeed, America would not be the same if it did not have rockand roll. One of the reasons rock has become so great is that rock groups inmore present time have tried to follow the highly creative musical standards setby the musicians in this paper. If rock continues to follow the trends setfourth by the greats, Neil Youngs lyrics may prove true, "Hey, hey, my, my,rock and roll will never die."

Challenger Essay -- essays research papers

On January 26, 1986, one ofthe greatest disasters of our time occurred. When Challenger was destroyedmany questions were asked close to the refuge of space missions. Many questionswere asked about the credibility of the engineers who intentional the air craft.It is now know that crucial information about the faulty O-rings was knowto many if not all of the engineers. These engineers had many deterrent example decisionsthey had to face when the problem was first noticed, which was as early asNovember 1981.When a wench is launched their are two booster rockets attachedto the side of it that disconnect when the hiss gets into orbit. The rocketsthat were on the Challenger were manufactured by Morton-Thiokol, an engineeringcompany. This company then sends the rockets to the launch site where theyare assembled. Where the different pieces of the rocket fit together, thereis a set of O-rings that make a seal around the booster. Around the O-ringstheir is a putty substance that holds t he O-rings in place. In November of1981, after the flight of the second shuttle mission, the joints where examined,and the O-rings were gnaw.The joints were still sealing effectively butthe O-ring material was decaying because of hot gasses that went through theputty. At this point Roger Boisjoly an engineer for Morton-Thiokol startedresearching different types of putty to reduce the corrosion on the O-rings.After testing the O-rings in the laboratory it was found that they did notreturn to their original size after being compressed at low temperatures. Thiokol designed a set of billets that would hold the joint more firmly inplace. These billets were not ready on the day of the Challenger disasterbecause they took too yen to manufacture, and NASA did not want to delay theproject. The next tests took place in June of 1985 at Morton-Thiokol inUtah. The primary seal on flight 51B which flew on April 29, 1985, was eroded"eroded in 3 places over a 1.3 inch length up to a maximum d epth of.171 inches.It was postulated that this primary seal had never sealed during the largetwo minute flight."i Its at this point that Boisjoly knew he had to go tohis superiors about the problem. In August of 1985 Morton-Thiokol formed atask force of engineers to solve the problem of the O-rings. This task forceonly consisted of 5 engineers wh... ...tressed more in the education of an engineer. Engineers must realizethat their are many situations that people put their stick up in the hands of theengineer. Every time we step into a car we are relying on the design of anengineer, and if any part of it fails the passenger could get combat injury if not killed.In todays society their are many institutions that protect the public fromtechnology buildings must meet certain regulations, and cars have to meetcertain safety standards. But their are not as many organizations that protectthe rights of the engineers. When can we say that it is no longer the engineersfault, and say t hat it is the fault of the operator? Engineers must be carefulwhen it comes to ethical standards, they should not have to be in the sameposition that Boisjoly was in. By evaluating the situation and acting accordingto what is best for society and themselves they should expose a perfect medianbetween morals and management. i Http//www.mit.edu8001/activities/ethicsiiHttp//www.mit.edu8011/ethicsiii http//www.mit.edu8001/activities/ethics/boisjoly/RB-intro.htmlivhttp//www.mit.edu8001/activities/ethics/boisjoly/RB-intro.html

Challenger Essay -- essays research papers

On January 26, 1986, one ofthe greatest mishaps of our time occurred. When Ch exclusivelyenger was destroyedmany questions were asked about the safety of quadrangle missions. Many questionswere asked about the credibility of the engineers who designed the air craft.It is now know that crucial information about the faulty O-rings was knowto many if not all of the engineers. These engineers had many moral decisionsthey had to face when the problem was first noticed, which was as early asNovember 1981.When a shuttle is launched their are two booster rockets attachedto the ramp of it that disconnect when the shuttle gets into orbit. The rocketsthat were on the Challenger were manufactured by Morton-Thiokol, an engineeringcompany. This company then sends the rockets to the launch site where theyare assembled. Where the different pieces of the rocket run into together, thereis a set of O-rings that make a seal around the booster. Around the O-ringstheir is a putty substance that holds the O-rings in place. In November of1981, after the pip of the second shuttle mission, the joints where examined,and the O-rings were eroded.The joints were still sealing effectively butthe O-ring material was decaying because of hot gasses that went through theputty. At this point Roger Boisjoly an engineer for Morton-Thiokol startedresearching different types of putty to curb the corrosion on the O-rings.After testing the O-rings in the laboratory it was found that they did notreturn to their original size after being compressed at low temperatures. Thiokol designed a set of billets that would hold the joint more firmly inplace. These billets were not ready on the day of the Challenger disasterbecause they took too long to manufacture, and NASA did not want to delay theproject. The next tests took place in June of 1985 at Morton-Thiokol inUtah. The primary seal on flight 51B which flew on April 29, 1985, was eroded"eroded in 3 places over a 1.3 inch length up to a maximum d epth of.171 inches.It was postulated that this primary seal had never sealed during the fulltwo minute flight."i Its at this point that Boisjoly knew he had to go tohis superiors about the problem. In August of 1985 Morton-Thiokol formed a chore force of engineers to solve the problem of the O-rings. This task forceonly consisted of 5 engineers wh... ...tressed more in the education of an engineer. Engineers must realizethat their are many situations that bulk put their live in the hands of theengineer. Every time we step into a car we are relying on the design of anengineer, and if any part of it fails the rider could get hurt if not killed.In todays society their are many institutions that protect the public fromtechnology buildings must knock against certain regulations, and cars have to meetcertain safety standards. But their are not as many organizations that protectthe rights of the engineers. When can we say that it is no longer the engineersfault, and say that it is t he fault of the manipulator? Engineers must be carefulwhen it comes to ethical standards, they should not have to be in the sameposition that Boisjoly was in. By evaluating the situation and acting accordingto what is vanquish for society and themselves they should find a perfect medianbetween morals and management. i Http//www.mit.edu8001/activities/ethicsiiHttp//www.mit.edu8011/ethicsiii http//www.mit.edu8001/activities/ethics/boisjoly/RB-intro.htmlivhttp//www.mit.edu8001/activities/ethics/boisjoly/RB-intro.html

IPCSL Case Study Essay

In 1944, Debi Prasad Aggarawal had realized the need for a ratty storage celerity. Consequently he established a facility with the latest cold storage equipments from the UK which was mainly utilized by the potatoes harvest.Debis son, Jadish, succeeded him as Managing director in early 1960. Jagdish had successfully opened virgin grocerys and brought new clients when he started promoting the facility to fruits producers.In 1977, Sanjay Aggarawal, Debis grandson, joined the confederation with the task of supervising and the construction of the new 2500 MT facility in Azadpur.Fruits & Vegetables marketThe growers of fruits and vegetables in India mostly harvest their produce manually, transporting to orchards for grading & packing. Afterwards, the fruits and vegetable are shipped to wholesale markets by road.India being worlds second largest fruits producer with integral of 44 mn MT (approx 10% of worlds production) and one of the largest vegetable producers in the world with ar ound 86 mn MT, the new Sabji Mandi at Azadpur is Asias and one of the worlds biggest fruits and vegetable market in volume of produce handled contributed to the huge demand for cold storage facilities.Commission agentsAt the arrival of fruits at Azadpur, the commission agents take charge of the produce by offloading, storage and sale at a rate of 6% of the sale amount. During this subprogram all the expenses involved are borne by the growers.As a way to get business, some of the commission agents offer growers advance loans at the commencement of the fruits term and deduct the same amount when the produce is sold in the market.As the fruits reach the market, some will be sold on the same mean solar day while roughly 45% 60% need cold storage facility to be sold at a later date or at the off-season.WholesalersWholesalers buy the produce from commission agents which in turn they sell to sub-wholesalers.Cold storage IndustryA conventional cold storage facility can preserve fruits f or a period of 10 days to 2 months depending of the type of the fruits while a CA or GC storage facility can double or triple this period respectively.The total capacity of storage facilities available was nearly 10.35 mn MT against total produce of everywhere 130 mn MT, this can demonstrate the very high demand of storage facilities.IPSCL has differentiated itself from the market by upgrading the facility to state-of-the-art Gas Controlled cold storage (3900 MT, around 78% of the capacity), Controlled Atmosphere Cold Storage (100 MT, 2% of the available capacity) and a Deep Freezer storage (1000 MT, 20% of the capacity).Besides, there was a lack of refrigerated trucks to mobilize the produce from the growers location to the wholesale markets and from the markets to sub-wholesalers or retailers. The refrigerated trucks play a vital role in ensuring the freshness, quality and resolution of the produce.G everyplacenmentAimed at encouraging the growing industry, the GoI offered a cap ital investment Subsidy Scheme for the construction, expansion and / or modification of cold storage units. controversyBesides IPCSL, no other cold storage facility is direct under the GC or GA technology. However due to this technology differentiation, IPCSL was operating at a very high cost in comparison to the other facilities. In fact, the conventional cold storage facilities where offering their clients a wrong almost equal to IPCSLs operating cost.CustomersIPCSL has two types of customer, commission agents & wholesalers who store their fruits to sell at a later date or off-season.The fruits and vegetables market has seen well-nigh 60% growth owing to the increase in income of the middle-class category in India.ObservationsThe cold storage services is a expenditure driven over quality driven market, the cold storage service providers currently in business are not having whatsoever points of differentiation which led to a legal injury war and very slim margins. The very low profit margins have restricted the competitors from changing out their old technology storage facilities to an international model facility.Some of the customers (wholesalers & commission agents) are not highly appreciating the cold storage services especially during the winter season where the fruits and vegetables dont get stirred much due to the very low temperature.In the case of conventional cold storage facility, the only way to make decent profit is by maximizing the sales volume and effectively utilizing capacity available (dynamic facility management system). This would give some cost preference over competitors allowing to capture large market share and make higher profit margin.In the case of IPCSL, the GC & CA storage technology is giving them a market progress to charge a premium wrong. However the customers should value the added services provided over the difference in charges.Other than the limitation in the period fruits and vegetables can be stored in the con ventional cold storage facility, there are additional quantities wasted during storage & handling which will not be the case in GC or CA operated facility. This will decrease the cost per kg and increase the wholesalers / commission agent profit margin.IPCSL didnt focus much on marketing of their new state-of-the-art cold storage facility instead, they focused on the value they add to the fruits and vegetables industry.As rightly quoted by one of the companys senior managers to Sanjay, the fruits and markets industry lack formal education. It takes time to show value and build confidence. However, to speed up the learning curve and attract customers, price & marketing strategy can play a crucial factor especially in the introductory stage.Recommendations & SuggestionsMarketingIPCSL should offer the large, large-middle or all clients a free, discounted or at-cost trial to demonstrate the difference in quality between the conventional facilities against the GC & CA operated ones.IPCSL should organize visits / tours for the large wholesalers to the facility to show how other than can they store the fruits and vegetables and exhibit the benefits to the prospective clients.As IPCSL is a high-end cold storage service provider, the marketing strategy should focus on the clients of the same level i.e. the wholesalers and commission agents dealing with organized retail stores, hotels etc. these clients are willing to pay some extra charges for higher quality fruits and vegetables which cannot be matched by any other cold storage facility in the market.PriceIPCSL should strategize a price discrimination based on the volume similar to what the competitors are doing. The price discrimination will attract the large exporters, high volume wholesalers and commission agents towards IPCSL.From IPCSLs revenue statement it is obvious that more than INR 6 mn is hardened cost while variable cost is around INR 7.5 per 20kg box. IPCSL priced their services at INR 60 for merchandis e fruits and INR 20 for Indian fruits against INR 10 per 20kg box by competitors for imported and Indian fruits. Alternatively, IPCSL should price their services at the point where they maximally utilize their 5000 MT facility. The determined price along with the 5000 MT sales volume (if achieved) should mask up for the variable cost (INR 7.5 per 20kg box) as well as the very high fixed cost.

Metabical: Communications Plan Essay

1. IntroductionMetabical is a bran untested revolutionary weight loss drug, developed by the Cambridge Science Pharmaceuticals, which expects the final approved by the FDA (US Food and drug Administration). As soon, as the FDA approves it, the product is going to be launched. Metabical is clinic each(prenominal)y proven to be a really powerful drug for the weight-loss in moderately big(a) people with the BMI 25-30.2. BackgroundThe statistics show, that non less(prenominal) than 70 % of participants of the Marketing Survey for the weight-loss products argon unhappy with their current weight. 35 % of them are trying actively to drowse off weight via whatsoever means. 15 % of them do not mind the usage of the weight-loss products to help them in losing weight. 65 % of the adult population of the United States is considered as the stalwartness or obese.Many of the members of focus groups claim that they starve themselves with feeds and suffer from the intensive exercising howe ver, they do not get the desired results as quick and voiced as they want them to be. These facts show the need of the market for the weight-loss products. Overweight and obesity become global problems nowadays. Pharmaceutical companies try to find the solutions to these problems by creating weight-loss drugs. These are the pills, which attain to be taken regularly for a period of time. They serve as an additional aid to the weight-loss program of a person. It is best to combine them with healthy diet and regular exercising.3. The Situation AnalysisCompany AnalysisCambridge Science Pharmaceuticals (CSP) is a global pharmaceutical company based in Cambridge, US. In 2007, it had a singular sales record of $25 billion. Currently, it is ready to launch a very promising drug in the weight-loss field, which will greatly impact the companys future. With correct positioning, it has all the chances of becoming a new market leader and a holder of the monopoly on the market.Competitor Analy sisThe weight-loss drug market is new to business society and it is still developing however, it is highly competitive. Currently, the OTC product monopoly is held by a few competitive products Alli, Xeniacal4 and Ephedra. The advantages of the Metabical product on its competitors are crucial. Metabical is the first-year weight-loss drug, which is potentially approved by the FDA in all the aspects it is the ripest weight-loss drug on the market. It means, that it does not have so many side effects, as the competitors products do. For example, there have been many cases of heart-death, caused by the regular usage of the Ephedra product, and a lot of liver damages cause by Xenical4. Out of all these drugs, Alli is the only one, which got approved by the FDA so, one can say that it is the number one competitor for the Metabical product on the market.Even though it got approved, it is much less safe to consume than Metabical product. Alli causes a lot of side effects as the loose st ools, abdominal pain, and increased defecation incontinence, when a person consumes it with too much fat. Another advantage of Metabical is the program itself. It is longer and better balanced than the Allis one. Unlike its competitors, it offers an individual exercise plan and a personal support component. The set tag of $3 $5 for Metabical can be considered relatively inexpensive to the competitors products and with all the benefits it gives. It is also much easier to use than the competitors products (1 pill a day versus 1 pill per meal).The duration of the effect of the Metabical pill is also better than the one of the competitors products. The main difference of the Metabical product from all its potential competitors is its vision and philosophy. It focuses on the advance of the product from the health perspective, making it safer to use for its consumers with the least amount of side effects, while the other companies try to strengthen the effects of their product, so, tha t the results will be detect earlier. This is very important, because the customers of the weight-loss products do not want just to lose the weight, but become healthy in all of the aspects.Consumer AnalysisSince the Metabical is a weight-loss drug, and it is already cognize that its target costumers have a Body Mass Index varying from 25 to 30 units, it is easy to determine and choose the segments of the potential consumers. Mostly, these are the mean(a) people, who are very concerned about the overweight and obesity issue. They may suffer from the eliminate of weight and they are highly motivated in armed combat with it. They at melt the gym regularly, exercise a lot, and struggle with healthy diets however, this is still not enough for them to lose the exceeding weight. Metabical is not a solution, but a great aid in fighting with their problem. Some overweight people do not care about or even do not notice their problem, so, Metabical do not see them as the primary costumers .The gender of the potential customers is most of the cases feminine. As studies show, women tend to care and put much more than attention into their physical appearance, than men do. In addition, studies say that 75 % of overweight women are not happy with their weight and 60 % tried to fight with their exceed of weight with different methods but failed. The age of the potential Metabical consumers is also easy to determine. It is known, that most of the people become more and more concerned with their weight when they are getting older and older. When a person reaches his physical size and stops growing, his body changes the calories gained per day do not go into the growth, but the fat. These fats are very hard to fight, and even the exceeding exercising at this age is not a solution.The fat usually becomes a problem at the age of 25-35. The Metabical drug is averagely priced however, not everybody can afford it. It is never given out for free, since, the overweight is not cons idered an illness. The consumer has to have salary of funds, which can cover the full Metabical diet program. He also has to have an access to the gym and can afford to buy healthy products. The estimated income of the Metabical consumer is $40000+ a year, so, this is a middle-class person. Also, the studies show, that the oneness people tend to care more about their physical appearance, than the married / in relationship ones, especially, the women.The relationship status of the Metabical customer can be identified as single / actively searching. Also, there are the sub-segments of the customers on the market Metabical consumers can be divided in two kinds some want to use the product to panorama good, others, who want to be healthier. The first type of the customers are usually younger (25+), the second type are older (35+). The first sub-segment is considered as the priority for the Metabical product. This is explained by the philosophy of the drug it is made for the people, w ho want to be healthy and not just slim. CSP puts a lot of effort in making Metabical a safe product to use on the first place.As a conclusion, the target costumer of the Metabical product is usually an overweight woman (BMI 25-30), aged 25+, with the annually income of $40000+ (middle class). She usually has a college education. Her self-esteem is low and she is either worried that she does not look good or she wants to become healthier. She is a workingwoman or a housewife, usually single. She attends the gym regularly and stays on a strict healthy diet. She is very motivated and willing to fight with her problem via any means. crossing AnalysisMetabical is a prescription weight-loss drug developed by CSP. It is consumed in the form of pills one time a day. It costs $3 $5 a day. The average duration of the Metabical treatment program is 12 weeks. The cost of the program varies from $252 to $420. The drug is prescribed to the overweight people with the BMI of 25 to 30, and is not as effective on the consumers with higher BMI. To achieve the maximum effectiveness of the drug, the individual diet and the exercise program have to be developed and followed during the usage of the Metabical. As any other weight-loss drug, Metabical has some side effects. They are similar to the ones of Alli (gastrointestinal discomfort) but much less noticeable. They may appear if a person combines the consumption of the Metabical drug with a lot of fatty foods. At this stage, it awaits the final approval of the FDA, and will be launched, as soon, as it gets the approval.

One Thing That Changed My Life Essay

One thing that changed my life a lot, was my oldest nephew Colton. He was natural on December 18th 2003, that date in the past is one I can remember very clearly. My mom, sister (the one getting dress to have Colton), and my brother in-law went to the hospital extremely early, or well when I was six years old 500a. m. was early to me, and to be sincere it kinda still is. Anywho on with the story.They woke up and left me with my other sister, they went to the hospital in Ponca City the nurses there got her and she just pretty much laid in bed all day and had contractions. My mom came and got me around 300 in the afternoon. We headed to the hospital, with a caravan of grandmas and aunts behind us We all arrived at the hospital safely. I had to sit in the waiting room with my aunt. Me and my aunt walked around a lot, we came back to the waiting room and who might be waiting for me Santa Claus was I was so excited and happy.Well after all that, my mom came into the waiting room and sa id my little nephew had been born. The first time I saw him, and held him I like a shot fell in love, I was so amazed by this little one that came into my life. He is know eight years old, and he truly is cover around my finger and beyond amazing, hes been with me through so much, and it never fails that I could be having the worst day of my life and having a mid-life crisis, he can always put a smile on my face. Im beyond blessed to have him in my life.

Cultural Sensitivity Paper Essay

The nicety that I have chosen to write about for this paper is the culture of India. It stern be both a demographic culture and a spiritual culture, depending on the particular beliefs of the client. The people of India have multiple beliefs about health. India has both established and traditional beliefs about medicine and illness. Food and religion are giant factors when it comes to certain Hindu people, depending on his/her personal beliefs. People from Indian culture shake off the preparation of food and the food itself in very high esteem. An exercise of Indian culture that is widely accepted includes only eating certain types of foods, not eating certain foods during illness or not eating any food at all according to the type of illness contracted. This practice is called apathyam and pathyam (in Sanskrit). It has excessively been said that if this practice is followed correctly than the majority of diseases and illnesses can go without being treated by medicine. Religion i s also a major part of the culture in India when it pertains to disease and caring for illness.The majority of the people living in India practice Hinduism. According to most Indian religions, the people believe that it is vital to deprivese regularly under running water. This can be problematic for patients that are confined to the bed or that have urinary catheters or colostomy bags because he or she whitethorn feel unclean and in some cases believe that he/she is unworthy to pray. Vegetarianism, meditation or prayer, and karma are other facets of Hinduism that might affect unrivalleds beliefs about illness and seeking care or illness. Each caretaker for a person of Indian culture or someone that practices Hinduism must be aware of the practices and traditions concerned with both and must be imparting to provide sensitive care accordingly. This can majorly affect whether or not an individual will choose to seek care. If a client thinks that their caretaker will not be willing to assist him/ her according to their cultural or religious beliefs, the client may chose not to seek care at all, which could negatively benefit them. The main concern would be to let the client know that you are willing to remain by and care for them in accordance to the clients beliefs. If the caretaker is unaware of some of the stipulations, the caretaker should be unafraid to ask. Most times the client will be happy to help give you the knowledge you may need to care for him/her. As a caregiver for a person of Indian culture or who has a strong Hindu belief system I would be interested to know the details of apathyam and pathyam so that I could respectfully assist them with the clients nourishment if he/she becomes ill. I would also assist them in any way I could with bathing so that the client could feel like he/she is clean enough to practice prayer or meditation freely. Knowledge about clients personal beliefs is vitally important to the extremely personal share a caregiv er could play in a clients life.

Studying Abroad Persuasive Speech Outline Essay

IntroductionAttention Getter If you want to learn about someone walk a mile in their shoes. What greater way is there to construe another cultures point of view than checking overseas? Studying abroad is a life changing opportunity that benefits not entirely you plainly our nation and the world. Central Idea I am going to tell you how you can during college by canvas abroad. Establish Credibility for the past compeer of weeks I have been researching this topic, and because of what I have learned from this research I have decided to study abroad at some point during my college years. prevue Statement First I will define what canvas abroad is. Secondly I will discuss the benefits that studying abroad gives you. Thirdly I will talk about how affordable studying abroad is and the scholarships that are possible. Lastly I will give you a visualization.BodyA. What study abroad is, well the education board for abroad defines studying abroad simply as a program in which students att end school in a country outside the United States and receive academic credit toward their major. Which here at USI, there are over 50 different countries that you could choose to study abroad in, according to the USI international website. B. Think of what studying abroad can do for your career. Studying abroad is so much playfulness you will kibosh that you are gaining academic credit while visiting another country. Not to mention the knowledge and experience that can help you succeed in forthcoming career options. The studying abroad experience is a great addition to any resume and can help you snag the job of your choice. By studying aboard it gives you that extra edge that employers might be looking for according to CNN.com. Employers desks are covered with stacks of applications but your experience from studying abroad will set you apart from other well qualified applicants.C. A common myth most people think is that studying abroad is expensive, but it actually is affordabl e. Most students dont believe that they can get scholarships for study abroad. In 2007, the House of Representatives passed a bill that would add more than $80 million every year to study abroad scholarships according to Hose of Representative members Salisbury, Umbach, and Pauslen. Most students lookfor financial scholarships, when they should be looking for ability ground scholarships. Lots of money goes untouched and there are a lot of scholarships for everyone going abroad, even professionals, according to Kruempelmann. Here are some tips that you can be on slide 6 here. D. Try to picture a world where people are not allowed to leave the country that they are born in. say the consequences we would face if we ignored the world around us. Lack of knowledge and understanding of other cultures could lead to disaster. Every culture benefits from the values, beliefs, traditions, and experiences of other cultures. The world is a best(p) place when there is understanding among diffe rent cultures. Therefore, if you study abroad you can be an essential part of keeping the world together.ConclusionA. The rising benefits of studying abroad are undeniable and affordable Going to a different country can be scary, but it can also be fun You learn a different culture, language, and view on the world. There will be so many stories that you will never forget about from your term abroad. You will not regret it. B. I leave you with this quote from Henry Miller Ones destination is never a place, but a new way of seeing things.

Impact of Literature Essay

It may go without saying that there are those who will never study, appreciate, or even perhaps conceptualize publications as it is known in academic circles. There are those for whom the written word may have, at best, utilitarian purposes, and for whom any piece of indite beyond a technical manual should, at least, be a work of non-fiction, designed to impart a clearly stated morsel of schooling or worthy opinion.Part of the explanation for this may coincide with the same general reason that some people never consider religion the proponents of books as is sometimes the case with the proponents of religion sometimes themselves make their cause a used-up, weary, and trying thing, and may remove from it all the beauty and potential which it might, in the proper hands, convey. Much like religion, literature has a transcendent value, and fulfills an essentially universal need.After all, even the close ardent opponent of the usage of literature in his or her own life embraces f orms which complete virtually the same need within him that is, myths, folklore, stories, movies, television, and even song, occupy essentially the same place and liaison as literature in the human person, albeit in a form often immeasurably more crude.And, as hotly debated as the following may be in the milieu of post-modern and relativist academic circles, the need to convey truths and explore the human person through story and myth may reach its most sophisticated form in literature.

Provinces of the Philippines and Local Markets

Tapsilog is a popular Filipino dish commonsly served for breakfast. The term is coined from combining the Filipino words tapa, sinangag, and itlog which argon the primary(prenominal) components of the dish. We chose to show how tapsilog can be geographical because we want to emphasize that anything can be geographical, and tapsilog, a common Filipino dish is usually not the kind of product that people would associate with geography. As mentioned, tapsilog is do up of tapa (dried meat), sinangag (fried rice) and itlog (egg), but it doesnt stop there.Each ingredient is also made up of yet more ingredients that we have traced to have originated from and traveled through different places in and out of the country out fronthand it reaches our plates. This further supports the idea that tapsilog, like every product, is geographical. Tapa, the first and of import ingredient, is made from beef marinated in different spices. The beef is usually bought at the ne atomic number 18st loca l market by most cooks, but before reaching the local markets, it is first brought from a farmers market which is locally called bulungan or bagsakan.One spokesperson of this bagsakan is the Farmers Market Cubao from which its name was derived from. Slaughter houses and cow farms from different municipalities sell their product to the verbalise farmers market. One of the biggest sources of cow meat in the Philippines is Padre Garcia, Batangas, the cattle trading heavy(p) of the Philippines, where they have the best temperature here in the country for raising cows. Cow breeders ensure that their livestock are bred well by supplying them with good feeds and steroids. Their diet usually contains well-grown grass and corn.The marinade consists of a combine of sugar, garlic, pepper, and salt, which are locally- found ingredients. The sugar comes from sugar mills like the San Carlos Bio Energy Inc. in Negros Occidental, while the sugarcanes are provided by small sugarcane farmers from Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental, Negros and Panay, or by large agricultural companies like Del Monte and DOLE. peppercorn is mostly from small and big exporters from Batangas, Laguna, Quezon, Negros Occidental, Zamboanga and Davao. Garlic usually comes from Sinait, Ilocos Sur, the garlic center of the Philippines where they celebrate the Sinait Bawang Fest.Like the beef, the spices are brought from its single farmers market before reaching the local markets. Sinangag is the term for Filipino fried rice. Rice, the main ingredient of sinangag, is also bought from local markets that got their stocks from the National Food Authority. The NFA serves as the biggest warehouse or post harvest-tide facility here in the Philippines. Before reaching the NFA, rice is harvested from rice fields, especially in the nation of Central Luzon or sometimes imported from Vietnam. Farmers exert effort in tilling the lands for their crops to grow and notice the seasons to find the best time to plant and h arvest.Like tapa, sinangag is also composed of the spices discussed earlier. Egg, the last main ingredient in making a tapsilog, is also bought from local markets. Like the other ingredients, eggs are brought from farmers markets before reaching local markets, or sometimes large companies or domestic fowl farms like charity Fresh Inc. , which is located in Bulacan. They directly deliver their egg products to local markets to maximize profit. Maintaining a poultry farm requires water, chicken feeds, hormones and supplements, and machines which are commonly imported from Japan.

The Movie Django

Gary L. Willis AFRS 55T (T&emailprotected30) Dr. T. Hasan Johnson 02. 23. 13 Extra Credit The Movie Django unchain The objective of this paper is to study some of the results of the discussion-panels analysis of certain aspects of this moving picture that relate to the Hip-Hop culture. On Thursday, February 21, 2013, I attend a panel discussion hosted by the Africana Studies Department of Fresno State University. It was conducted at the African American Museum, Fresno California. Its part was to evaluate this movies effect on us (basically Black-Americans), by analyzing elements of this movie.This movie presents Black maleness and femininity during the 1860s slavery era of America using characters that portray slaves as childish and stupid (the Betina or DArtagnan), violent (the Mandingo or Django), hypersexual (Sheba) and cowardly (all the black male slaves). These slavery created representations of Black masculinity (the Buck) and femininity (the Jezebel/Mulattoe) ar relevant to Hip-Hop because they be the predominate characters being proffered as entertainment in the overwhelming legal age of Hip-Hop videos.The stereotypical persona of The Buck in the videos is the Gangsta/Thug and The Jezebel/Mulattoe is the Bitch/Ho both are slavery created stereotypes. The Jezebel/Mulatto (Bitch/Ho) The Buck (Gangsta/Thug) Another aspect of this movie relevant to Hip-hop culture is the word ringtail, used incessantly in the movie, just as, its morphed version, common racoon is used incessantly by Hip-Hoppers, in communion and in their videos.Since language is one of the seven essential element of all cultures, the usage of the word nigga was discussed by the panel and audience and as a result of this discussion, we agreed thatwithout the use of the word ringtail, Django Unchained would not be authentic because, in this movie, nigger is a descriptive term, used to call property, e. g. a slave or slaveswith no malice intended. Here are two examples, horse or h orses and house or housesergo, nigger or niggers.The only character that uses nigger other than as a description of property is Stephen (the Uncle Tom played by Samuel L. Jackson). He used the word nigger to take down his fellow black slaves. As with the movies use of nigger, the alike can be said about(predicate) Hip-Hop videos, they would lose its authenticity without the use of the word Nigga because Nigga in Hip-hop is a descriptive turn, but unlike nigger it versatility. For example, it can be used describe a affinity and its meaning changes depending on who is saying it and to whom.For example, in the movie when a Slave-master says My nigger, it does not have the same meaning as a Gangsta/thug or Jezebel/Mulattoe in a Hip-Hop video saying, My Nigga. The Slave-masters are describing their property, while the Hip-Hoppers are describing their relationships. During the audience participation portion of this discussion, a young black- man in the audience (Christopher Jackson) d escribed how much the movie upset him.He also shared with us, the extent to which it made him sack up how horrible slavery was and how much suffering his ancestors had to endure so that he can enjoy the civic rights he has today. He said, Now I truly appreciate my ancestors and men like Martin and Malcolm, who made the net sacrifice so that I can enjoy the freedom I have today. Personal Reflections If the motives for making Django Unchained are to spend a penny us aware of how much our ancestors suffered under the yoke of slavery and to make us cherish our freedom then, Christopher Jacksons words are a testament to this movies success in both endeavorsIn conclusionI, along with many participants in this discussion, enjoyed Django Unchained and hope that there will be more movies made that expose the horrors of slavery, and that, also promote validatory images of black men and women. 1 . This paper was submitted as extra credit for AFRS 27, 55T and 144 2 . Heretofore, us, we, and our refers to Black-Americans 3 . Donald Bogle, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies & Bucks

Cultural Research Interview

This admit seeks to explore the tillage of Luo fraternity in Kenya. It is non easy to knowledge Kenya as a civilization on its pack a bun in the oven due to its multi-cultural diwork forcesion. on that pointfore, one domiciliate completely study it from the many an(prenominal) finales on that point be. It imparting explore Luo burnish in various domains. The study leave alone let concrete examples to support the findings in each domain. It provide also mettlesometail it protrude a one-on-one interview with a Kenyan citizen and e excessly from Luo civilization. The findings in the literature review will be comp bed with the data collected from the interview.This study also seeks to propose a few(prenominal) recom manpowerdations and suggestions on applications to example. Luo Culture in Kenya Kenyan as a multi-cultural nation has got forty two tribes with variant stopping points. Therefore, one bunghole except explore authentic aspects of Kenyan soci alization. This study narrows its scope to Luo Culture, whose lodge run intos astir(predicate) 25% of the Kenyan Population hence being the third largest ethnic group (Ochieng, 2007). It is recalld that this alliance originated from the southerly part of Sudan, getting into Kenya through Northern Uganda and gent direct in Nyanza Province (Ochieng, 2007).It is also believed that their migration was in anticipate of higher and cooler regions with adequate rainfalls (Isak, 1972). To mean solar day, they argon popularly referred to as River-Lake Nilotes (Ochieng, 2007). This study chooses to explore on Luo culture due to its peculiar elements. In item, it is considered to be one of those complicated cultures in Kenya especially on the recrudesce of wife inheritance (Gay, 1981). When Kenya was facilitate at a lower place British colonialism, the Luo people managed to defend their land much so, they vie a fundamental role in fighting for Kenyas independence.It is also worth noting that this tribe produced and continues to produce a number of scholars and other educated men and women who get to attained high levels of schooling from with claw(p)(p) universities all over the world (Liyong, 1972). Luo professionals are present in virtually parts of Kenyan preservation for instance, they serve in business and government ministries, educational institutions as professors, doctors, engineers and lawyers. Literature Review Communication The Luo companionship has got three dictions.Two of the languages are widely physical exertiond by all other Kenyan tribes, for instance, English and Kiswahili. English originated from the British colonial era and was declared by Kenyan government as the official language trance Kiswahili is the national language (Sinaiko, 1995). The indigenous language of Luo companionship is referred to as Dholuo which is commonly used at home and in their everyday conversation (Sinaiko, 1995). In their culture, naming of bab y birdren relate to where they were natural, the exact time of day or the day of the week. This also includes the kind of weather at that time (Ocholla, 1980).For instance, the cause Akoth (female person) or Okoth (male) is accustomed when one is born during a rainy season. In general, the Luo culture call children on three formats, for instance, a Christian name like Peter or James then a second name like Okoth then a sir name like Omondi (Ocholla, 1980). Nutrition Luo community grows edible corn (corn), millet and sorghum. It also grows interchange crops, for instance, tobacco, coffee, sugarcane and cotton. They also keep animals such as goats, sheep, poultry and cattle, which are later used to settle dowry prizes.Most keyly, weight in Luo culture means a lot in fact, tiping is a major economic activity in Luo community (Parker, 1989). It is also worth noting that this communitys raw material food consists of ugali (kuon) and fish. Ugali is prepared from maize meal fuse with boiled water until it becomes a thick porridge where fish becomes its preferred accompaniment. Additionally, the ugali food can be accompanied by green vegetables, meat or stew. stinker is a common food all over Kenya and to the highest degree(prenominal) families grow it and sell it for a break-dance income (Parker, 1989).Luo culture abhors foods like rice and mixture of boiled maize and beans (Mboya, 1986). But or sotimes, this mixture of boiled maize and beans which they refer to as (nyoyo) is typically consumed when the community members return from a hard day of work in the fields. The nyoyo can also be eaten with tea, porridge or stir fried vegetables (Mboya, 1986). This community likes tralatitious beer known as busaa which is prepared during special occasions or celebrations. Normally, they mix flour and water and leave it for sometime until it turns figure out after which they heat it in a big pot.Men drink from the pot using abundant pipes while seated and wom en can join them or shake off their share on big mugs. They also raven on a mixture of milk and blood from slaughtered animals like cows or sheep. Family Roles and Organizations The Luo culture determine family life and especially the gift of children. This culture believes that children belong to the father even in cases where both parents distinguish (Mboya, 1986). In most cases, the father is odd to take care of the children. The culture also expects men of great wealth to settle for many wives as a sign of social office (Liyong, 1972).This notion is what has led to the issue of wife inheritance which is going to be explored later in this study. Once women get unite they live in their economizes homesteads. Thereafter, married women are expected to build strong relationships between their family members and those of her husband. It is the womens responsibility to nurture a warm and mutual relationship among all the in-laws. It is expected that married women will extradit e children for their husbands credit line (Southall, 1952). The more the wife bears more children the more she enhances her influence in the lineage of her husband.These children later take care of their interests. As indicated earlier, men pay the bridal dowry which allows women to maintain ties with their loved ones throughout their lives (Southall, 1952). Polygamy is also acceptable in the Luo culture so long as traditional practices and regulations are adhered to, for instance, a special recognition of the first wife (Mboya, 1986). Normally, the husband has to separate the wives where the first wifes house and granary are constructed behind the homestead opposite the main gate (Mboya, 1986).The rest of the wives houses and granaries are positioned to the right and left sides from the first wives premises and in the order of their trade union (Mboya, 1986). The same case applies to the sons who are fracturen homes attached to the main entrance of the step up and in the ord er of their birth (Southall, 1952). The husband builds himself a house at the center of the compound (Southall, 1952). Luo culture believes that once the dowry has been paid in full and that the spouses entertain born children, divorce can no longer take place. Even if the two separate they are unperturbed considered to be married.In case the wife does not bear children, the husband can divorce her or put back her with another wife. The wife receives the blame in cases of sterility. Young girls are expected to patron their mothers and their mothers co-wives in process the land owned by their fathers, brothers and paternal uncles (Ocholla, 1980). It does not matter whether the girl gets to school and attains good education she take over has to help in tilling the land. On the other hand, boys and youthful men spend more time with livestock and engage in lots of social labor (Ocholla, 1980). Biocultural EcologyLuo community, just like many other communities in Kenya, consists o f black people with strong physical structure. Malaria is considered to be a major cause of death in Luo culture. Moreover, kwashiorkor which derives from lack of enough proteins in the body, affects most children (Themes in Kenyan History, 1990). Most families do not afford to prepare a balanced diet neither do they have knowledge just around nutrition and wellness standards (Themes in Kenyan History, 1990). In villages, opposeive medicine is preferred and in fact most communities in the rural settings have clinics with medical workers.The medical workers try the best they can to help the communities maintain good sanitation, nutrition, prenatal care including other practices that can help reduce the risk of diseases (Themes in Kenyan History, 1990). Luo culture faces great challenges from homo finishual immunodeficiency virus/Aids pandemic which has left many children orphans. Relatives to bereaved person children convey them with the hope that the enormity of HIV crisis wi ll come to an end (IPAR, 2004)). It is however believed that the rate of HIV transmitting is very high in Luo Culture.Moreover, it suffers from food shortages and re stacks the highest rates of infant mortality in Kenya (IPAR, 2004). It does not have good facilities for clean water supply a situation that has led many residents succumb to water-borne diseases, for instance, enteric fever fever, amoebic dysentery and common dysentery including diarrhea (IPAR, 2004). Most girls suffer from teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (IPAR, 2004). High-Risk Behaviors As indicated earlier, Luo culture faces great challenges from HIV infections. This has been attributed to irresponsible sexual behavior among the youths.As such, Luo culture does not value male circumcision instead they remove their young men six front teeth both from the upper clack and the lower jaw. Unfortunately, this right of passage does not meet dental health standards since it is done manually and in a very rough way (Stein, 1985). Wife inheritance is another strange cultural practice whereby a widow is remarried by the deceaseds brother who must meet all her married requirements, for instance, conjugal rights. According to Luo culture, adolescent period should prepare a girl for marriage and family life.In the traditional settings, girls arrive at tattoos on their backs and having their ears pierced as well. The unfortunate thing is that the materials used to carry out these practices are never sterilized (Stein, 1985). Girls come together among peer groups where they get to share their sexuality, for instance, discussing boys and their personal attributes. On the same note, aged(a) women provide sex education to the teenage girls. Lovers secretly meet near these huts although pregnancy outside marriage is strictly prohibited (Southall, 1952). Fertility and Childbearing PracticesLuo culture discourages people from noting when a charr is pregnant for they believe that it would bring problems and troubles from jealous ancestors (Mboya, 1986). Older women and wives accompany expectant mothers throughout their pregnancy and during nativity. In this community, twins are not received very well. They believe that twins originate from the evil animate and so they negotiate such cases with special attention. The twins parents are required to assume certain taboos. In order to prevent the calamity that may befall the twins parents, the community members engage in obscene dancing as well as using foul language.Only in this way can the burden of bountiful birth to twins be lifted (Gay, 1981). As mentioned earlier, women receive much of the blame in case of infertility in marriage. This culture believes that infertility is as a result of blasphemy in the contagious lineage of the woman. They believe that unless the liven up and ancestors intervene, the woman will never give birth (Gay, 1981). As can be seen, it can be argued and justifiably so that control of fe rtility is attributed to the mercy of the ancestors. In other words, Luo culture believes that fertility is given by the ancestors to the favored ones.In a more traditional setting, incest has been associated with most pregnancy complications. However, the husband including other relatives should confuse sure that after the woman gives birth they slaughter a goat or sheep for her where she gets to eat it at intervals. This ritual is compulsory and if one fails to honor it either the mother or the child can experience more complications even to the point of dying (Mboya, 1986). Men shouldnt watch women giving birth unless on serious conditions. They are supposed to be far away from the scene.If a woman gives birth traditionally, she has to sit on a stone with her legs apart where other women support her to give birth. straight she gives birth the child is rushed in the hut for other rituals which involve cleaning the umbilical cord and cutting part of it to be buried. This is beli eved to be a sign of appreciation to the ancestors (Liyong, 1972). Death Rituals It is worth noting that Luo culture performs about fourteen rituals for the dead (Wakana, 1997). Table 1 in appendix A summarizes the rituals from the first pure tone to the last.Whenever a person dies women come out with long, quivering wail which is seconded by sound of drums. Strictly, the death resolution has to take place either in the morning or in the evening. Luo culture prohibits death start during the day although this varies across persons, age, sex and occupation (Wakana, 1997). If, for instance, a child dies in the morning the announcement follows without delay but in the case of elderly men, women have to wait until sunset to start wailing (Pritchard, 1965). The bereaved family stays throughout in the compound of the deceased until the burial day.Other members of the community gather to console the family (Wakana, 1997). gibe of the grave takes place at round 9 p. m. and goes until 3 to 4 a. m. of the burial day (Millikin, 1906). unrivaled or two weeks after the burial cholla begins where several relatives to the deceased take their cattle to his compound at around seven oclock in the morning. It is however important to note that this ritual is only performed for dead men. The men gather at that place, kill a cock without using a clapper and share its pieces of meat.They then blow horns of buffaloes and rhinoceroses (oporro) and play drums (bul) as well. These men later attract a long procession composed of more men, women and children it becomes longer and noisier as communities sing and play the instruments even louder (Milikin, 1906). Spirituality It is believed that Christianity has penetrated the lives of Luo community hence changing some of their traditional religious beliefs. However, a greater part of Luo culture save engages in traditional rituals (Ocholla, 1980). The new Christian movements in this community are Catholicism and Protestantism.Despi te their Christian beliefs, they still belief in the intercession of their ancestors in their lives (Ocholla, 1980). traditionally, it is believed that the ancestors reside in the sky or underground and their souls brook transmigration either through animals or new born babies (Themes in History, 1990). In actual fact, they carry out ceremonies whenever naming of a child takes place to determine if a particular spirit has been reincarnated (Themes in History, 1990). Additionally, it is believed that the ancestral spirits communicate with the living in their dreams (Ocholla, 1980).Luo Culture believes that failure to remember or discover the spirits may have adverse effects in their community (Sinaiko, 1995). It is worth noting that they refer to spirits as jouk which means shadow and they refer to God as Nyasaye which translates as he who is begged and also Were which translates as certain to grant requests (Sinaiko, 1995). Ancestral worship plays a predominant role in their tradi tional religion. Ancestral spirits are believed to be actively involved in the world. This strong belief is very evident in the belief system of many Luos (Sinaiko, 1995).Health Care Practices It is unfortunate to remark that Luo culture does not have elements that can promote community health. In other words, it is not a culture that motivates the Luo people to maintain wholesome standards. Most of the beliefs and practices are geared towards appeasing the ancestors and thus forget the well being of the entire community at present. This is why this culture cannot be regarded as a past or present oriented culture because many of its emphases lay on their destiny (Isak, 1972). Even in matters regarding health, they call upon their ancestors to intervene.It is also important to note that they believe that being healthy is a favor from their forefathers and being unhealthy is a damn from the same forefathers. It becomes complicated to guide them through a causal health imageing of t heir diseases. Inasmuch as health care practitioners would wishing to distribute the why of their health issues the big challenge would be to convince them out of their traditionally held beliefs. The elders who serve as traditional doctors are revered by this community and they rely on their advocate in curing certain diseases (Southall, 1952).However, with the HIV endemic that has swept away many families leaving most children orphans, has led Luo culture to seek other better ways to deal with their health issues. Obviously, given that HIV/Aids has no cure they started realizing that traditional practices cannot address the problem (IPAR, 2004). Although their folklore practices do not directly address health issues, they got some moral stories that can be useful in giving care to the sick. For instance, among the commonly told story is refereed to as Opondos Children which talks of a man who gave birth to monitor lizards instead of human babies (Mboya, 1986).With time, the par ents decided to throw them away due to their inhuman conditions. One day, they decided to retain one of their babies who at the age of adolescence loved to bathe in the riverside. In the process of swimming the child turned into a fully functioning human being. Passers by noticed and ran back to the village with this news which pleased the community members. The child was accepted in the community and received a lot of love and support. From this story, Luo culture believes that they have a duty towards the sick especially the physically handicapped (Mboya, 1986).Client Interview Data This section discusses some of the findings naturalised during the interview process. The participant is a Kenyan citizen and from a Luo culture. The impressive thing in this study is that much of the ideas established in the literature review were re-affirmed during the entire interview process. However, the interviewee was assertive that Luo culture has changed tremendously and that Luo people are becoming more scientific in their thinking. Communication According to the interviewee, communication in Luo culture just requires respect and clarity.In general, young ones should not scold their parents and the same case applies to husbands in respect to their wives. However, this study leant that Luo culture prohibits pointing another person using an index finger to them it means fate to the pointed person. He confirmed that Luo culture has become an interactive one where people can share their feelings with one another. It had been mentioned that men could not interact with women or children could not interact with their elders, today things have changed. The format for giving names is still evident where children are given names according to seasons, events or calamities.Nutrition This study learnt that Luo culture will never have other preferred raw material foods apart from fish and ugali. The interviewee confirmed that this is not only a matter of culture but it is also bec ause of the meaning of such food to their lives. He believes that Luo has many intelligent people genius because of feeding on fish. Moreover, they are healthy and strong because of combining fish with ugali which is actually a carbohydrate. Family Roles & Organizations The interviewee remarked as follows, if there is anything that Luo culture has failed in, it is its perception on family.This study learnt that modern Luo families want to treat their family matters as personal. In fact, most families have begun migrating to urban places just to experience peace and autonomy. However, the interviewee remarked that most parents still up confirm cultural values meant to discipline their children. In other words, most families still hold to those traditional ways of bringing up their children. Husbands still remain the heads of their families and with the duty of educating their children. But all the same, wives are supposed to help financially especially if the spouses are both working . Workforce IssuesThe interviewee remarked that Luo culture has evolved where traditional practices have become a collective responsibility. Today, men and women can go fishing and even engage in its selling. Moreover, all genders have become professionals in different fields. High Risk Behaviours Indeed, the interviewee confirmed that Luo culture still engages in high risk behaviors which in the interviewees opinion are backward. First he perceive the wife inheritance issue here he said that most women or men contract HIV Virus due to this practice. He said the following, I still do not understand why Luo culture has to push for wife inheritance.Somebody dies of HIV/aids and the community very well knows about it, but the brother to the deceased goes ahead to have intercourse with the woman. He also said, This does not accommodate only to HIV/Aids only but it also extends to other diseases like diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, and meningitis. This study learnt that there are women wh o get re-married to their in-laws who have terminal illness hence affecting their health both physically and psychologically. This study also learns that Luo culture still faces serious problems with HIV/Aids due to unsafe sex among the youths and commercial sex workers where most of them are young girls.The interviewee had this to say, Sex is deeply entrenched in the Luo culture such that it cannot be comprehended in isolation he also said females who are pathetic resort to sexually irresponsible behavior just to get money which is not even more than five dollars. The interviewee also mentioned the issue of polygamous marriages where men engage sexually with many women hence spying serious sexual transmitted diseases. This study also learnt that consumption of illicit brews and drugs and the growing establishments of entertainment houses have left many youths with poor health conditions hence dying at a very young age.As mentioned earlier, female genital mutilation and removal of teeth poses great risks. The interviewee had this to say these practices are very risky since they are carried out under unhygienic conditions and even the equipment used is never sterilized. This is why they keep on spotting germs and HIV virus. Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices The interviewee believes that causes of teenage pregnancies are as a result of ignorance on the side of the girls. According to him, most girls do not know how to go about their productive life.But, he was very happy to remark that nowadays women give birth in the hospitals and rarely will women give birth in traditional settings. There are no taboos associated with marriage in the Luo culture today, only that the husband should take very good care of the wife. He also remarked that among the most improved health practices among Luo women is care for the mother before and after birth. Apart from traditional food, anything to do with the medication of the mother and the child is as prescribed by a quali fied doctor. Health Care Practices & PractitionersThe interviewee was very optimistic that in few years to come Luo culture will have the best medical practitioners ever. According to him, most Luo men and women have undertaken courses in medicine and other health care modules. Today, Luo culture has evolved from a culture of traditional doctors to a culture of serious surgeons, physicians and mid-wives. He informed this study that traditional medicine men cannot carry out any practices on complicated issues like pregnancy, eye-problems, heart failure, diabetes et cetera. They instead encourage the long-suffering to seek professional help from a hospital.They only get involved in the treatment of youngster illnesses like cold, flu, chicken pox, normal diarrhea, sore throats just to mention a few. Here, they prepare medicine from traditional herbs from different plants. Moreover, they make medicine for children using fat substances from the fish products. In fact, the interviewee r emarked that Kenyas medical sphere of influence borrowed from the Luo traditional doctors how to prepare medicine to prevent children from coughing. The medicine is popularly known as cough sirup which is a by product of fish in Luo culture. investigate QuestionsThe look into method selected for this proposed research study follows a qualitative approach. The qualitative method will be implemented because it follows the approach that allows for the collection and digest of data that could not described through a quantitative approach. This approach is descriptive and inquisitive in nature, which is selected because of its relevance to the type of data collected and because of the purpose of the study. Contrary to the quantitative research method, participants from this study will be encouraged to use their personal experiences to interpret and answer interview questions.Their demographic background will also be significantly considered for the interpretation of the test answers (Leed & Omrod, 2005). Any form of quantifiable data that can be found in this study, will be analyzed according to descriptive statistics. Alise (2008) pointed out that under the qualitative research method, there is an interaction between the researcher and the participants. The following are the research questions 1) To what consequence does Luo culture hinder effective health safety measures? 2) How does Luo culture affect health care practitioners? Is there any competition between healthcare practitioners and traditional doctors?Recommendations for Research Based on the findings of this study, it further recommends that a) There be an empirical investigation carried out in this community in order to ascertain the findings of this research b) Health agencies to study this culture more closely in order to help it improve on community health c) To explore other cultures in Kenya that might be having similar challenges Applications to Practice In order to carry out ethnographic fie ldwork among Luo Community and generate information based on qualitative analysis, it would be beneficial to learn more from medical anthropologists and professors.Moreover, there should be more research from the libraries to authorise more insight on Luo culture and to familiarize more on the best methods to gather and learn information. Medical volunteers are traveling to work with the Luo community to cooperate with the traditional healers and record their conversations about herbs. They should make sure there is an interpreter available. The team can take pictures and identify herb clippings for their easier recognition. The volunteers can carry out prior research to compare with the current clinical use of the herbs and their dosages.Summary/Conclusion This study has established that Luo culture has got three languages namely English, Kiswahili and Dholuo. However, Dholuo is commonly used. Luo culture gives names according to seasons, events, calamities or time. Luo are mixed farmers since they grow crops and keep animals at the same time. Luo culture values ugali and fish which serve as their staple food. Marriage is regarded in high esteem and especially when children come by. Children remain with the father even in cases of separation or divorce for that matter. Luo community constitutes of black people.Among the most common diseases affecting this community are malaria, malnutrition, kwashiorkor, typhoid, amoeba and HIV/Aids. The high risk behaviors include removal of teeth, tattoos, genital mutilation and other rights of passage that use non-sterilized equipment. Luo culture has got fourteen death rituals although their applications vary from age, sex, or occupation of the deceased. Moreover, this culture does not promote community health per se. Traditional doctors have an influential role although they recognize the role of professional medical practitioners.The folklore activities provide wonderful moral stories that encourage the community to t ake care of the sick and especially the physically handicapped. The lymph gland interview data strongly brings out Luo community as a changing culture, and in deed, for the better. However, the high risk behaviors still pose a great challenge to the health well being of its members. References Alise, M. (2008). disciplinary differences in preferred research methods A comparison of groups in the Biglan Classification Scheme. Retrieved from North Central University website http//learners. ncu. edu/ program library/ncu_diss/default.aspx. Pritchard, E. E. 1965 (1949). Luo tribes and clans. In (E. E. Evans-Pritchard, ed. ) The Position of Women in Primitive Societies and Other Essays in amicable Anthropology, pp. 205-227. Faber and Faber Ltd. , London. Gay, D. (1981). Modern Kenya. New York Longman Isak, D. (1972) come to the fore of Africa. New York Random House Institute of Policy Analysis & Research (IPAR), (2004). HIV/Aids curse in Nyanza Province Poverty, Culture and Behavior C hange. Journal of African Medical Care, Vol. 10, Issue 11. Kenya in Pictures, (1988). Minneapolis, Minn. Lerner Publications Co. Leed, P. D. and Ormrod, J. E. (2005).Practical Research Planning and Design (8th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson. Liyong, T. (1972). Popular Culture of East Africa. London Mboya, P. (1986) (unpublished). Luo customs and Beliefs. , translated by Jane Achieng (1938, Luo Kitgi gi Timbegi). Millikin, A. S. (1906). Burial customs of the Wa-Kavirondo of the Kisumu Province. Man, 6 (35) 54-55. Ocholla-Ayayo, A. B. C. (1980). The Luo Culture A Reconstruction of a Traditional African Society Ochieng, E. (2009). History of Luo Culture. Journal of Kenyas Heritage, vol. 2 (22-45) Parker, S. (1989). Bitter Money Cultural thriftiness and Some African Meanings ofForbidden Commodities. American Ethnological Society Monograph Series, no. 1. Washington, D. C Sinaiko, L. (1995). Holidays of the World Cookbook for Students. Phoenix, Ariz. bezoar goat Stein, R. (1985). Kenya. Chicago Childrens Press Southall, A. (1952). Lineage Formation among the Luo. Memorandum of International African Institute, No. 26. Oxford University Press, London. Themes in Kenyan History (1990). Athens Ohio University Press Wakana SHIINO, (1997). Death Rituals in Luo Nyanza. Journal of Africa Study Monographs, 18 (3, 4) 213-228, Department of Social Anthropology, Tokyo Metropolitan University,

Re-Branding Sunsilk Back Into the UK Hair Market Essay

Originally launched in the Netherlands in 1956, Sunsilk provides haircare solutions in 80 countries around the globe. No matter the hair type or problem, we occupy the products and the k directly how to make your hair feel and look beautiful. Our passion in vivification is to help women hold looking beautiful everyday, anywhere. Bad hair days are historyTake on life with confidence and consign bad hair days to the bin with Sunsilk. Our range of products incorporates various natural ingredients and extracts with their suffer specific properties chamomile for cleansing without limpness, ginseng extract for strength and more for any and all requirements. train great advice and tips on hair care from us too.Key facts* Number 1 in Asia, Latin America and the gist East * Sales of more than 1 billion a year * Sells in 80 countries * Also sold as Elidor, Hazeline, Seda and Sedal * Recent awards Holds the Guinness world record for the most heads of hair water-washed and styled in one da ySunsilk is a hair care brand, primarily aimed at women, produced by the Unilever group, which is now considered the worlds leading company in hair conditioning and the second largest in wash1. Sunsilk is Unilevers leading hair care brand, and ranks as one of the Anglo-Dutch conglomerates billion dollar brands. Sunsilk shampoos, conditioners and otherwise hair care products are sold in 69 countries worldwide. Sunsilk is sold under a word form of different names in markets around the world including Elidor, Seda and Sedal. The brand is strongest in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East and is the number one hair care brand in India, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand.* 1954 Sunsilk first launched in the UK.* 1955 branch advertisement of Sunsilk appeared on TV. * 1964 Launch of Sunsilk hair spray. * 1968 Sunsilk shampoo re-packaged in PVC bottles. * 1971 Launch of Sunsilk conditioner. * 1975 Sunsilk became the biggest name in hair care. * 2003 Sunsilk glossy magazine launched in Argentina. * 2008 Social networking site Gang of Girls was introduced in India.First publicizeSunsilk began advertising in 1955 with a fight that focused on specific hair issues. In the UK, the campaign focused on shiny hair. During the 1960s, a television commercial of Sunsilk featured a tune quiet by John Barry, The girl with the sun in her hair, which proved so popular that it was subsequently released as a pop single. Sunsilk radio commercials were aired in 1969 featuring Derek Nimmo to support the new Sunsilk Herb shampoo for problem hair called Hairy Tales. In the early 1970s, Sunsilk was advertised with the slogan All you need is Sunsilk. repute associations Madonna, Shakira, Marilyn Monroe, and Marian Rivera all featured in Sunsilks 2008 advertising campaign Life Cant Wait3 which launched with a Super Bowl XLII spot. The philosophy behind the campaign was about girls fetching positive steps to gain better control of their lives Hair On = Life On. Actress and actor Miss World Priyanka Chopra is the brand ambassador for Sunsilk in India. 4 In 2009, singer Delta Goodrem was announced as the memorial tablet of Sunsilk in Australia. The singer and her music have since featured in several Sunsilk adverts.5 In 2007, British girlband Girls loudly launched a campaign for Sunsilk after securing a sponsorship deal worth over 1,000,000.6 Members Nicola Roberts, Nadine Coyle, Cheryl Cole, Kimberly Walsh and Sarah Harding all represented the brand, which include shooting a television commercial. Sunsilk also sponsored their following tour.MagazineIn 2003, Sunsilk (Sedal) launched the first hair still glossy magazine in Argentina aiming to communicate to the professional hair industry. More than 800,000 copies are produce each month. The magazine focuses on hair, fashion and beauty issues as well as showcasing hairdressers work. It is sold topically on news stands and distributed to hair salons.Gang of GirlsIn 2008, Sunsi lk India launched a social networking site called Gang of Girls 7, which offered its users annoy to a variety of local and global experts to address various hair care needs through its content, blogs and live chat room. The site includes rich content of hair care and fashion, and users can also lend part in interactive games and quizzes.In 2011, Sunsilk was listed in The Brand invest Report published by Trust Research Advisory.Co-Creation collaborationFrom 2009 Sunsilk started working with a number of professional hair experts to develop new and improve products. Each hair issue variant links to an expert with the relevant specialist hair knowledge. For example, Dr Francesca Fusco, a New York dermatologist, co-created a hairfall variant for the brand. The line up also includes Jamal Hammadi for Black Shine, Rita Hazan for Vibrant Colour, skid Charles for Plumped Up Volume, Thomas Taw for Damage Reconstruction, Ouidad for Defined Curls and Yuko Yamashita inventor of Japanese h air straightening process YUKO for complete(a) Straight.AvailabilitySunsilk is available in over 60 countries worldwide. However Sunsilk products seem to be no overnight available in the United States. The Sunsilk website has a list of countries where their products are sold, the USA is not one of them.

Bar coding

A taxonomic method that identifies the species of an beingness by using a sm every(prenominal) genetic marker in the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid of the organism is DNA stymy mark. The mitochondrion of most eukaryotes contains the mitochondrial DNA, and the rate of mutations is faster that are responsible for a significant version in the DNA rates of the mitochondria between the species. The identification of the species via DNA grade insignia coding relies entirely upon the short pick of mitochondrial DNA.Recently interest is increasing to use a short place of tags namely bar codes for identifying and documentation of the species. (Blaxter,2003, Hebert and Gregory,2005). The standardised sequence of the DNA used as a bar code is the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I or COI. A number of studies show that utilizing barcode gives the true in the classification of the species. (Kerret. et. al, 2007). The chitons live near the environ of the ocean they are mol lusks.The chitons of the north pacific function are diverse comprising around 80 species, and all these species be gigantic to the genus Mopalia. (Eernisse). The present paper discusses on identification of the species of the genus Mopalia from the extremely diverse community of chitons of the north pacific region using the DNA bar coding. DNA bar coding To characterize the species of the organisms a novel technique exists termed DNA bar coding, and the technique uses a short sequence of DNA on the standard position of the genome.Obtaining the DNA sequences is quick as they comprise a very short sequence in comparison with the whole genome. The cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 of the mitochondrial region is the standard bar code region that contains a length of 648 nucleotide base pairs. There is a sportswoman of the DNA bar codes among the individuals of the equal species, but it is little. The effectiveness of the DNA bar code is directly dependent on the minor variation within t he species, which is smaller than the differences between the species.(Consortium). Genus Mopalia Fauna and flora of the north pacific region is diverse with long coastline and cool temperatures. Many species of the chitons play an important role in the ecology of the rocky shorelines. The Mopalia collection has its recent origin with an interesting morphological similarity that attracts case study for DNA bar coding. DNA bar coding using the genus Mopalia Up to now focus of the studies on DNA bar coding was chiefly with the collection of the species within the geographical areas. (Hebert et. al,2003a).Studies in DNA bar coding with extension phone to the monophyletic groups is less difference the ambiguity whether this technique is useful in parting the closely related species. (Moritz and Cicero,1994)The present study uses the genus Mopalia, a challenging case study for the DNA bar coding methodology. The genus Mopalia is a recently originated monophyletic that has a wider g eographical occurrence. (Kelly et. al, 2007). Kelly et. al studied 19 species of the genus Mopalia, and six closely related species that out group the 131 individuals of the total of the 25 species used.The character-based legal opinion referred to as the characteristic attribute organizations system is fast, that avoids the false-positive data and it also retains the learning on evolution that is in the character-state data. (Desalle et. al, 2005). This approach gives a new perspective to the methods of DNA bar coding. This kind of information is more standardised a traditional taxonomy. (Desalle et. al, 2005). The CAOS method or the character based method gives clear information, and getting the information is faster, and there is accuracy in the identification of the query sequences of the given data set.The CAOS method is sensitive that distinguishes the taxa of the monophyletic group of the closely related species with a very short sequence of the mitochondrial DNA. The adva ntage in this method is that it conserves the evolutionary information in the form of character data that avoids the false-positive identification of the query sequences. The number of diagnostics that supports the placement of a query sequence in a clade also used as a confidence value. The bar coding group has no relevance with the CAOS method this is because the diagnostic character distinguishes monophyletic groups.While distinguishing the monophyletic groups, reference is not a inquirement about the relative degree of divergence within and between the taxa. The extra advantage with the CAOS approach is its use as a means of cataloguing the diagnostic molecular characteristics used to distinguish the species. These diagnostics complement the traditional taxonomy. (De Salle et. al, 2005). Even though the description of the species depends on the multiple lines of evidence, the CAOS approach is a good tool to identify significant intraspecific divergences.Additional evidence th at includes morphological, geographical, ecological, and behavioral that is diagnostic for the new taxon. The CAOS method preserves the character state information, reports diagnostic differences for each node. This method helps the taxonomists to identify and describe divergent organisms that require further scrutiny. (Blaxter,2004). In this method threshold values for the species level are not necessary, which addresses the critical issues in other methods. (Meyer and Paulay,2005). This method of DNA bar coding corrects some pitfalls of the distance based approaches.The inclusion of the evolutionary and taxonomic information in this method gives a context in which there is interpretation of the sequence data and gives a real promise to the DNA bar coding. The CAOS method gives a way to the researchers meeting to identify and make the sense of diversity. Conclusions The distance based methods for DNA bar coding lack the accuracy that largely depend on the degree of disparity betwe en the intra and site-specific variation that is the bar coding gap. (Meyer and Paulay,2005).Insufficiency in sampling the taxon will increase the disparity that increased the apparent accuracy. CAOS method of DNA bar coding addresses the problems associated with the distance based methods of bar coding. References Blaxter, M. (2003). Molecular systematicscounting angels with DNA, Nature, 2003, vol. 421, pp. 122124 Hebert, P. D. N. & Gregory, T. R. (2005),The promise of DNA bar coding for taxonomy. System Biology (54), pp. 852859. DNA bar coding, consortium for the bar code of life. Available on http//barcoding. si. edu/, retrieved on 30 October 2007.